Welcome to TiddlyWiki by Jeremy Ruston, Copyright © 2006 Osmosoft Limited
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;y@@\nAh has the sound of the letter 'a' in the words: father, calm, and cart.\n\nThis one if difficult because many speakers have merged this sound with @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;o@@ ([[On]]). In general, those who pronounce these sounds differently pronounce @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;y@@ as a longer sound than @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;o@@ ([[On]]). There is also less lip rounding in some dialects with Ah than with [[On]].\n\nIn British Received Pronunciation, there are three sounds distinguished relating to 'AH': the long 'AH' of cart, the long '[[AWE]]' of caught, and the short rounded '[[On]]' of cot. AH is pronounced with little to no lip rounding, while [[AWE]] has considerably more. AH and [[On]] are merged in many North American dialects. This is known as the [[father-bother merger]]. When deciding between [[On]] and [[AH]], keep in mind that [[On]] is correct for the vast majority of words, while AH is used in relatively few. So when in doubt, use [[On]]. \n\nAH's most frequent use is probably in the ligature, [[ARE]], where it makes a more distinct looking character than [[On]] would.\n\nThis is conjecture on my part, but I believe words with the AH sound are generally spelled with an 'a' while [[On]] words are spelled with 'o' and [[AWE]] words are spelled with 'au', 'augh', 'ough', 'aw', and 'awe'. But some words spelled with 'o' are now "AH' words due to the [[lot-cloth split]]. This is an inconvenient group of vowels! Perhaps they should all be merged (or at least two of them) and we should just cut out one or two of the letters from the Shaw alphabet. It would be a sort of linguistic "flipping the bird" at KingsleyRead and all those who deem all three letters necessary. ;-)\n\nBelow is an exerpt from Merriam Webster describing the sound of Ah (described by Merriam Webster as \s[a']\s). They also make refferences to \sä\s ([[On]]) and \sa\s ([[Ash]])\nMerriam Webster © 2006\n<<<\n\s[a']\s\nas in father as pronounced by those who do not rhyme it with bother. The pronunciation of this vowel varies regionally. In eastern New England and southern England it is generally pronounced farther forward in the mouth than \sä\s but not as far forward as \sa\s. In New York City and the southeastern U.S. it may have much the same quality as \sä\s but somewhat greater duration. In areas in which \sr\s is not pronounced before another consonant or a pause, \s[a']\s occurs for the sequence transcribed in this book as \sär\s. (See the sections on \sä\s and \sr\s.) In these areas \s[a']\s also occurs with varying frequency in a small group of words in which a in the spelling is followed by a consonant letter other than r and is not preceded by w or wh, as in father, calm, palm, and tomato but not in watch, what, or swap (though \s[a']\s does sometimes occur in waft). Especially in southern England and, less consistently, in eastern New England \s[a']\s occurs in certain words in which \sa\s is the usual American vowel and in most of which the vowel is followed by \sf\s, \sth\s, \ss\s, or by \sn\s and another consonant, as in the words after, bath, mask, and slant. The symbol \s[a']\s is also used in the transcription of some foreign-derived words and names. This vowel, as in French patte "paw" and chat "cat," is intermediate between \sa\s and \sä\s and is similar in quality to the \s[a']\s heard in eastern New England.\n<<<\nAlthough Merriam Webster includes this sound in their pronunciation guide, it is not used in the phonetic spellings of the words, father, calm, or palm, So it appears that they do not actually use it.\n\n''Mnemonic''\n''Magician:'' "Watch ladies and gentlemen as I rotate the number five until it stands on its head!"\nCrowd: "AAAAHHHHH!"
|Traditional|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;X@@|Corrected|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;x@@ |\nAir has the sound of the word air and the sounds in the words: airplane, hair, and there\n\nIt is a combination of the sounds @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;e@@ ([[Egg]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]). See AirErrControversy.\n\n''Spelling:''\nHugh Birkenhead, an active member of the Yahoo Shaw Alphabet group, believes that AIR should be reserved for the longer (in durration) air sounds of words such as fairy and marry, and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;er@@ ([[Egg]]+[[Roar]]) should be used for the shorter sounds of words such as ferry and merry. \n\nMy take on this is that this rule is unnecessary, and would needlessly complicate spelling. Furthermore, Hugh only seems to think that this rule should apply to AIR, [[EAR]], and [[ERR]], but not to any of the other [[ligatures]], so this would be an odd exception.\n\n[[Androcles and the Lion]] may or may not be written according to this rule. I will have to examine it more to find out. From what I know of the book, words that are spellled with or without "air" are consistently spelled so, but I don't know if this distinction between long and short durration exists, or if the spellings are more or less random. Even if it does follow this rule, that may not mean that this rule is valid, as the book may not be an unimpeachable authority. Evidence for this includes the alleged reversal of [[ha-ha and hung|HungHa-HaControversy]] as well as [[air and err|AirErrControversy]], several spelling errors, and some inappropriate use of the namer dot.\n\nI think it is much wiser to use @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;er@@ for words with a [[syllable break]] between these sounds (if there are any such words) and AIR for words without one. I also think [[syllable break]] rule should be extended to all the other [[ligatures]]. [[Androcles and the Lion]] does seem to follow this rule, but it is hard to tell because even accounting for the accent, many of the names in the book are Roman, and It without knowing whether the book follows this rule, it is impossible to know whether syllable breaks are intended or not.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;R@@\nAre simply has the exact same sound as the word are. It is used when the sounds of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;o@@ ([[On]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]) or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;y@@ ([[AH]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]) are combined and it looks like a combination of the latter two characters.\n\nThe [[AH]] sound is actually quite rare, while [[On]] is common, and in Merriam Webster at least, the ARE sound is consistantly spelled as [ [[On]] + [[Roar]] ] (or the MW equivalents). So why is the [[AH]] character used instead? Probably because it makes for a more identifiable character.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;D@@\n\nArray represents the combined sounds of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@. It sounds like the letters 'er' in the words: butter, putter, and muster.\n\nIt has an unfortunate name, because in America, the word 'array' is pronounced without the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;D@@ sound. Instead, the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ ([[Ado]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]) sounds are pronounced seperately and distinctly instead of being blended together. I would prefer that array be renamed something like 'smaller'.\n\nArray sounds like [[ERR]], but is used when the syllable is unstressed.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Y@@\nAwe has the sound of the vowels in the words: awe, saw, all, gnaw, and caught.\n\nIn dialects with the [[cot-caught merger]], this sound is merged with [[On]]. When these two sounds are pronounces differently, Awe is pronounced with more rounding of the lips than [[On]]. See [[On]] for more information on the differences between these two.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nPerson1: "Hey look, a little baby number five flipped over on its head! Isn't that cute?"\nPerson2: "Awwwwww.... That's so CUTE!"
This file was created by EdwardShapard using TiddlyWiki. To view the Shaw characters, you should have the [[Lionspaw font|lionspaw.zip]] by Lionel Ghoti. This font is in an attatched zip file, so if you're reading this, you already have it. Clicking on [[this link|lionspaw.zip]] should open it. if not try saving it to disk first.\n\nYou can edit this file as you see fit; making any notes or corrections you would like. To edit a "tiddler", put your mouse cursor above it and click on the edit option that appears at the top. The top edit box is for the title and the bottom one is for tagging your tiddler with category names. Save your changes with the save changes option on the right hand side.\n\nYou can edit the name displayed as the author of tiddlers that you edit unter the options sub-menu on the right.\n\n@@To save changes, you will have to be editing a copy of this file that you've saved to your computer.@@ To do that, right click [[This Link|shaw.html]] and chose 'save target' or whatever option your browser gives you. Then edit the file you just saved.\n\nI am not a linguist, so everything in here could be as wrong as the day is long. I may offend you and insult all you hold dear. I may lead you unto temptation and then ask you why I never hear the word unto in any other phrase but that one. Caveat emptor (buyer beware).
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;a@@\nAdo has the sound of the letter 'a' in the words ado, and about; 'u' in the word stirrup; and the unwritten vowel before the letter pair 'le' in words such as adorable, cable, and stable.\n\nAdo sounds like the "uh" sound that many people make while thinking. Ado is sometimes called the [[schwa]] sound, as that's its name in other phonetic systems. \n\nThe important thing to remeber about ado is that it is always unstressed. If you need to use the ado sound in a word, and that syllable is stressed, use the letter @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;u@@ ([[Up]]). These two letters do not really have different sounds and I drove myself crazy trying to figure out the difference between them. It's just stress.\n\nMy sources for this stressed/unstressed rule are the YahooShawAlphabetGroup and the fact that the sounds seem to be the same in the words ado and up. I have never seen a comprehensive description of the sounds of these leters, nor any descriptions of spelling rules and I am inclined to beleive that no such guide exists.\n\nDo we really need a different letter to represent the stressed vowel? Probably not, but we have it anyway, so use it that way.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter is so common in British spellings, that you'll have no problem learning it if you read through [[Androcles and the Lion]] where it seems to make up about half of all vowel sounds. \n\n''Good to Know''\nThe transliterators of Androces and the Lion seem to have either used it in place of the [[schwi]] sound, or have no [[schwi]] sound in their dialect. This is very annoying as it makes you sound like you have a swollen tongue when you sound out the words. Unfortunately, many on the internet follow the lead of this book. Read up on [[schwi]] so you know the difference.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;E@@\nAge has the sound of the letter 'a' in the words: age, stage, stay, may, and hay.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks like the letter A after it got drunk and fell over backwards. It probably let out a Fonziesque, "Aaaayyyyyyyyyyyyy" as it fell over.\n\n''Practice''\nTake my f@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke to the b@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke sale and see if you can m@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke f@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke cupc@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes. For the s@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke of real sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes, the sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke we will use will be f@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke. No real sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes will be b@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ked in our f@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke cupc@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes. This news may be hard to t@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke as you had your heart set on real sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes, but by using a sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke that is f@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke, much comfort in that, sn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@kes will t@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ke.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@ (Air - Traditional) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@ (Err - Traditional) appear to have been swapped in the production of Androcles and the Lion.\n\nHere's the evidence:\n\nThe 'Air' sound is made by combining the characters @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;e@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@. Together, these characters would look like this: @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;er@@ and they would be joined at the bottom.\n\nTo scrunch it up into the width of one character, the part representing the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;e@@ character has been pulled closer to a narrowed version of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@. And to make it easier to distinguish it from @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;D@@, one of the lines was given a little kink. This gives us the character, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@, for the sound of the word Air. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;er@@ -> @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@\n\nSimilarly, the Err Sound is a combination of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@. As you can see, bringing these two characters together should make a character joined at the top. To make it easier to write, we might change the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ character a little. The end result would be the character @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@ for the sound Err. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;ur@@ -> @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@\n\nTherefore, in the CorrectedShaw alphabet, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@ is labeled Err, and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@ is labeled Air.\n\nWhen KingsleyRead created QuickScript, he swapped the characters back to their (allegedly) original values.
The play by GeorgeBernardShaw was published by Penguin Books in a bialphabetical version uing both Shaw and roman characters.\n\nThere seem to have been some clerical errors in the making of the book, which lead to the transposition of some of the characters. See: HungHa-HaControversy and AirErrControversy.\n\nI read Androcles and the Lion in the ShawAlphabet as a learning method. I found it to be rather unenjoyable. Some of the characters are just plain annoying, and I wished they would die (for example, Androcles). The book also contains a lot of old and unfamiliar British word usage that was very distracting. All the spellings are in a British pronunciation, and the [[schwi]] sound is completely absent, having been replaced with [[schwa]], so you sound like a retard when you sound out the words.\n\nFor these reasons, I transliterated TheWizardOfOz and placed it on the YahooShawAlphabetGroup in the File/Texts section. I believe this book to be far superior for use as a learning tool.\n\nThe following is from Wikipedia:\n<<<\nAndrocles and the Lion is a 1912 play written by George Bernard Shaw.\n\nAndrocles and the Lion is Shaw's retelling of the tale of Androcles, a slave who is saved by the requited mercy of a lion. In the play, Shaw makes Androcles out to be one of many Christians being led to the Colosseum for torture. Characters in the play exemplify several themes and takes on both modern and supposed early Christianity, including cultural clash between Jesus' teachings and traditional Roman values.\n\nThe short play is often printed with a preface that includes a long examination of the Gospels by Shaw, in which Shaw analyzes the Bible and proclaims his findings. In summary, Shaw states that Jesus was a benevolent genius (in areas ranging from moral to social to economical) who eventually bought into popular ideas of his divinity and impending martyrdom. Shaw goes on to state that the teachings of Jesus were lost with his crucifixion, and that following churches actually worship Paul or Barabbas.\n\nThe play was written at a time when the Christian Church was an important influence on society and there was strong pressure on non-believers in public life. The reverse of roles in the play possibly served to evoke empathy from his targeted audience. The characters also represent different "types" of Christian believers. The journey and final outcome of each of the characters make it clear which believers Shaw sympathizes with the most, especially with Lavinia. One of the most famous passages of the play is Lavinia's metaphor of capturing a mouse to converting from Christianity to believing in the Roman gods, where Lavinia shows that the most important part of religion is earnestness and a lack of hypocrisy. Hypocrisy was a characteristic in the Church that Shaw condemned.\n\nThe play has themes of martyrdom and persecution which are portrayed through the vehicle of comedy. Another point in the play is his position against vivisection, which connected to his philosophy in being a vegetarian. In the play, Shaw uses slapstick humour, verbal wit and physical humour to portray his themes.\n\nA version was published using the Shavian alphabet (1962 Penguin Books, London).\n\nA film version, Androcles and the Lion was made of the play in 1952, produced by Gabriel Pascal\n<<<
Approximants are speech sounds that could be regarded as intermediate between vowels and typical consonants. In the articulation of approximants, articulatory organs produce a narrowing of the vocal tract, but leave enough space for air to flow without much audible turbulence. Approximants are therefore more open than fricatives. This class of sounds includes lateral approximants like [l], as in lip, and approximants like [j] and [w] in yes and well which correspond closely to vowels and semivowels.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;A@@\nAsh has the sound of the letter 'a' in the words: ash, slap, apple, and happy.
text/plain\n.txt .text .js .vbs .asp .cgi .pl\n----\ntext/html\n.htm .html .hta .htx .mht\n----\ntext/comma-separated-values\n.csv\n----\ntext/javascript\n.js\n----\ntext/css\n.css\n----\ntext/xml\n.xml .xsl .xslt\n----\nimage/gif\n.gif\n----\nimage/jpeg\n.jpg .jpe .jpeg\n----\nimage/png\n.png\n----\nimage/bmp\n.bmp\n----\nimage/tiff\n.tif .tiff\n----\naudio/basic\n.au .snd\n----\naudio/wav\n.wav\n----\naudio/x-pn-realaudio\n.ra .rm .ram\n----\naudio/x-midi\n.mid .midi\n----\naudio/mp3\n.mp3\n----\naudio/m3u\n.m3u\n----\nvideo/x-ms-asf\n.asf\n----\nvideo/avi\n.avi\n----\nvideo/mpeg\n.mpg .mpeg\n----\nvideo/quicktime\n.qt .mov .qtvr\n----\napplication/pdf\n.pdf\n----\napplication/rtf\n.rtf\n----\napplication/postscript\n.ai .eps .ps\n----\napplication/wordperfect\n.wpd\n----\napplication/mswrite\n.wri\n----\napplication/msexcel\n.xls .xls3 .xls4 .xls5 .xlw\n----\napplication/msword\n.doc\n----\napplication/mspowerpoint\n.ppt .pps\n----\napplication/x-director\n.swa\n----\napplication/x-shockwave-flash\n.swf\n----\napplication/x-zip-compressed\n.zip\n----\napplication/x-gzip\n.gz\n----\napplication/x-rar-compressed\n.rar\n----\napplication/octet-stream\n.com .exe .dll .ocx
/***\n|Name|AttachFilePlugin|\n|Source|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#AttachFilePlugin|\n|Version|3.5.1|\n|Author|Eric Shulman - ELS Design Studios|\n|License|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#LegalStatements <<br>>and [[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License|http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/]]|\n|~CoreVersion|2.1|\n|Type|plugin,macro|\n|Requires||\n|Overrides|'image' and 'prettyLink' formatters, TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText()|\n|Description|Store binary files as base64-encoded tiddlers with fallback links for separate local and/or remote file storage|\n\nStore or link binary files (such as jpg, gif, pdf or even mp3) within your TiddlyWiki document and then use them as images or links from within your tiddler content. Binary file content can be stored in three different locations:\n<<<\n#embedded in the attachment tiddler (encoded as base64)\n#on your filesystem (a 'local link' path/filename)\n#on a web server (a 'remote link' URL)\n<<<\nThe plugin creates an "attachment tiddler" for each file you attach. Regardless of where you store the binary content, your document can refer to the attachment tiddler rather than using a direct file or URL reference in your embedded image or external links, so that changing document locations will not require updating numerous tiddlers or copying files from one system to another.\n\n@@display:block;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%;Note: although you can edit an attachment tiddler, ''don't change any of the encoded content below the attachment header'', as it has been prepared for use in the rest of your document, and even changing a single character can make the attachment unusable. //If needed, you ''can'' edit the header information or even the MIME type declaration in the attachment data, but be very careful not to change any of the base64-encoded binary data.//@@\n!!!!!Inline interface (live)\n><<attach demoID>>\n!!!!!Usage\n<<<\nWhen you attach a file, a tiddler (tagged with<<tag attachment>>) is generated (using the source filename as the tiddler's title). The tiddler contains //''base64 text-encoded binary data''//, surrounded by {{{/%...%/}}} comment markers (so they are not visible when viewing the tiddler). The tiddler also includes summary details about the file: when it was attached, by whom, etc. and, if the attachment is an image file (jpg, gif, or png), the image is automatically displayed below the summary information.\n\nWith embedded data, your TW document can be completely self-contained...unfortunately, embedding just a few moderately-sized binary files using base64 text-encoding can dramatically increase the size of your document. To avoid this problem, you can create attachment tiddlers that define external local filesystem (file://) and/or remote web server (http://) 'reference' links, without embedding the binary data directly in the tiddler (i.e., uncheck "embed data" in the 'control panel').\n\nThese links provide an alternative source for the binary data: if embedded data is not found (or you are running on Internet Explorer, which does not currently support using embedded data), then the plugin tries the local filesystem reference. If a local file is not found, then the remote reference (if any) is used. This "fallback" approach also lets you 'virtualize' the external links in your document, so that you can access very large binary content such as PDFs, MP3's, and even *video* files, by using just a 'remote reference link' without embedding any data or downloading huge files to your hard disk.\n\nOf course, when you //do// download an attached file, the local copy will be used instead of accessing a remote server each time, thereby saving bandwidth and allowing you to 'go mobile' without having to edit any tiddlers to alter the link locations...\n\nLastly, though not completed (but nearly there), the plugin includes an integrated 'uploader' that will let you create a 'remote link' attachment tiddler AND transfer the local file to a remote server location in the same step!\n<<<\n!!!!!Syntax / Examples\n<<<\nTo embed attached files as images or link to them from other tiddlers, use the standard ~TiddlyWiki image syntax ({{{[img[tooltip|filename]]}}}), linked image syntax ({{{[img[tooltip|filename][tiddlername]]}}}) , or "external link" syntax ({{{[[text|URL]]}}}), replacing the filename or URL that is normally entered with the title of an attachment tiddler.\n\nembedded image data:\n>{{{[img[Meow|AttachFileSample]]}}}\n>[img[Meow|AttachFileSample]]\nembedded image data with link to larger remote image:\n>{{{[img[click for larger view|AttachFileSample][AttachFileSample2]]}}}\n>[img[click for larger view|AttachFileSample][AttachFileSample2]]\n'external' link to embedded image data:\n>{{{[[click to view attachment|AttachFileSample]]}}}\n>[[click to view attachment|AttachFileSample]]\n'external' link to remote image:\n>{{{[[click to view attachment|AttachFileSample2]]}}}\n>[[click to view attachment|AttachFileSample2]]\nregular ~TiddlyWiki links to attachment tiddlers:\n>{{{[[AttachFileSample]]}}} [[AttachFileSample]]\n>{{{[[AttachFileSample2]]}}} [[AttachFileSample2]]\n<<<\n!!!!!Defining MIME types and Server Scripts\n<<<\nWhen you select a source file, a ''[[MIME|http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIME]]'' file type is automatically suggested, based on filename extension. The AttachFileMIMETypes tiddler defines the list of MIME types that will be recognized by the plugin. Each MIME type definition consists of exactly two lines of text: the official MIME type designator (e.g., "text/plain", "image/gif", etc.), and a space-separated list of file extensions associated with that type. List entries are separated by "----" (horizontal rules).\n\nTo upload files, a script must first be installed on a remote server so it can receive and store the files online. The AttachFileServerScripts tiddler defines the list of ''server scripts'' that will be available for you to select from when attaching and uploading a file. The list format is as described above for MIME types, except that the first line is simply the text that will appear in the ''server scripts'' droplist, while the second line is the fully-qualified URL for submitting files to that server (e.g., {{{http://www.xyz.com/path/to/cgi-bin/upload.cgi}}} or something similar).\n<<<\n!!!!!Known Limitations\n<<<\n* ''Internet Explorer does not support the use of //embedded// data for TW file attachments. However, you can still use the local/remote link definitions to create file attachments that are stored externally''\n## //while it is easy to read text files, reading binary files is not supported by IE's FileSystemObject (FSO) methods, and other file I/O techniques are subject to security barriers or require additional MS proprietary technologies (like ASP or VB) that make implementation more difficult.//\n## //IE does not support the data: URI scheme, and cannot render the embedded images or links. This would seem to be an insurmountable shortcoming in the browser. Let's hope it is added in the next version...//\n<<<\n!!!!!Installation\n<<<\nImport (or copy/paste) the following tiddlers into your document:\n* AttachFilePlugin (tagged with <<tag systemConfig>>)\n* AttachFilePluginFormatters ("distribution library") (tagged with <<tag systemConfig>>)\n* AttachFileSample and AttachFileSample2 //(sample attachment tiddler containing an image file)//\n* AttachFileMIMETypes //(defines known binary file types)//\n* AttachFileServerScripts //(remote upload server locations)//\n<<<\n!!!!!Revision History\n<<<\n''2007.01.09 [3.5.1]'' onClickAttach() refactored to create separate createAttachmentTiddler() API for use with FileDropPluginHandlers\n''2006.11.30 [3.5.0]'' in getAttachment(), for local references, add check for file existence and fallback to remote URL if local file not found. Added fileExists() to encapsulate FF vs. IE local file test function (IE FSO object code is TBD).\n''2006.11.29 [3.4.8]'' in hijack for PrettyLink, 'simple bracketed link' opens tiddler instead of external link to attachment\n''2006.11.29 [3.4.7]'' in readFile(), added try..catch around initWithPath() to handle invalid/non-existent paths better.\n''2006.11.09 [3.4.6]'' REAL FIX for TWv2.1.3: incorporate new TW2.1.3 core "prettyLink" formatter regexp handling logic and check for version < 2.1.3 with fallback to old plugin code. Also, cleanup table layout in HTML (added "border:0" directly to table elements to override stylesheet)\n''2006.11.08 [3.4.5]'' TEMPORARY FIX for TWv2.1.3: disable hijack of wikiLink formatter due to changes in core wikiLink regexp definition. //Links to attachments are broken, but you can still use {{{[img[TiddlerName]]}}} to render attachments as images, as well as {{{background:url('[[TiddlerName]]')}}} in CSS declarations for background images.//\n''2006.09.10 [3.4.4]'' update formatters for 2.1 compatibility (use this.lookaheadRegExp instead of temp variable)\n''2006.07.24 [3.4.3]'' in prettyLink formatter, added check for isShadowTiddler() to fix problem where shadow links became external links.\n''2006.07.13 [3.4.2]'' in getAttachment(), fixed stripping of newlines so data: used in CSS will work\n''2006.05.21 [3.4.1]'' in getAttachment(), fixed substring() to extract data: URI (was losing last character, which broken rendering of SOME images)\n''2006.05.20 [3.4.0]'' hijack core getRecursiveTiddlerText() to support rendering attachments in stylesheets (e.g. {{{url([[AttachFileSample]])}}})\n''2006.05.20 [3.3.6]'' add "description" feature to easily include notes in attachment tiddler (you can always edit to add them later... but...)\n''2006.05.19 [3.3.5]'' add "attach as" feature to change default name for attachment tiddlers. Also, new optional param to specify tiddler name (disables editing)\n''2006.05.16 [3.3.0]'' completed XMLHttpRequest handling for GET or POST to configurable server scripts\n''2006.05.13 [3.2.0]'' added interface for ''upload'' feature. Major rewrite of code for clean object definitions. Major improvements in UI interaction and validation.\n''2006.05.09 [3.1.1]'' add wikifer support for using attachments in links from "linked image" syntax: {{{[img[tip|attachment1][attachment2]]}}}\n''2006.05.09 [3.1.0]'' lots of code changes: new options for attachments that use embedded data and/or links to external files (local or remote)\n''2006.05.03 [3.0.2]'' added {{{/%...%/}}} comments around attachment data to hide it when viewing attachment tiddler.\n''2006.02.05 [3.0.1]'' wrapped wikifier hijacks in initAttachmentFormatters() function to eliminate globals and avoid FireFox 1.5.0.1 crash bug when referencing globals\n''2005.12.27 [3.0.0]'' Update for TW2.0. Automatically add 'excludeMissing' tag to attachments\n''2005.12.16 [2.2.0]'' Dynamically create/remove attachPanel as needed to ensure only one instance of interface elements exists, even if there are multiple instances of macro embedding.\n''2005.11.20 [2.1.0]'' added wikifier handler extensions for "image" and "prettyLink" to render tiddler attachments\n''2005.11.09 [2.0.0]'' begin port from old ELS Design plugin/adaptation hybrid based on ~TW1.2.33\n''2005.08.05 [1.1.0]'' moved CSS and HTML definitions into plugin code tiddler instead of using separate tiddlers\n''2005.07.27 [1.0.2]'' core update 1.2.29: custom overlayStyleSheet() replaced with new core setStylesheet()\n''2005.07.23 [1.0.1]'' added parameter checks and corrected addNotification() usage\n''2005.07.20 [1.0.0]'' Initial Release\n<<<\n!!!!!Credits\n<<<\nThis feature was developed by EricShulman from [[ELS Design Studios|http:/www.elsdesign.com]]\n<<<\n!!!!!Code\n***/\n// // version\n//{{{\nversion.extensions.attach = {major: 3, minor: 5, revision: 1, date: new Date(2007,1,9)};\n//}}}\nconfig.macros.attach = {\n// // configuration\n//{{{\n hideUpload: false,\n//}}}\n// // lingo\n//{{{\n label: "attach file",\n tooltip: "Attach a file to this document",\n linkTooltip: "Attachment: ",\n\n scriptList: "AttachFileServerScripts",\n typeList: "AttachFileMIMETypes",\n\n titlePrompt: " enter tiddler title...",\n MIMEPrompt: "<option value=''>select MIME type...</option><option value='editlist'>[edit list...]</option>",\n localPrompt: " enter local path/filename...",\n URLPrompt: " enter remote URL...",\n scriptPrompt: "<option value=''>select server script...</option><option value='editlist'>[edit list...]</option>",\n targetPrompt: " enter remote path/filename...",\n\n tiddlerErr: "Please enter a tiddler title",\n sourceErr: "Please enter a source path/filename",\n storageErr: "Please select a storage method: embedded, local or remote",\n MIMEErr: "Unrecognized file format. Please select a MIME type",\n localErr: "Please enter a local path/filename",\n URLErr: "Please enter a remote URL",\n scriptErr: "Please select a server script",\n targetErr: "Please enter a remote target path/filename",\n fileErr: "Invalid path/file or file not found",\n\n sourceReport: "| source file:|{{{%0}}}|\sn",\n nosourceReport: "| source file:|//none//|\sn",\n dateReport: "| attached on:|%0 by %1|\sn",\n notesReport: "| description:|%0|\sn",\n dataReport: "| embedded:|[[%0|%0]] - {{{type=%1, size=%2 bytes, encoded=%3 bytes}}}|\sn",\n nodataReport: "| embedded:|//none//|\sn",\n localReport: "| local file:|/%LOCAL_LINK%/[[%0|%1]]|\sn",\n nolocalReport: "| local file:|//none//|\sn",\n URLReport: "| remote link:|/%REMOTE_LINK%/[[%0|%0]]|\sn",\n noURLReport: "| remote link:|//none//|\sn",\n\n uploadReport: "upload\sn<<<\sn__server script__\sn''%0''\sn{{{%1}}}\sn__remote path/filename__\sn{{{%2}}}\sn__transfer log__\sn%3/%RESULT%/\sn<<<\sn",\n\n imageReport: "image\sn<<<\snusage: {{{[img[tooltip|%0]] or [img[tooltip|%0][link]]}}}\sn[img[tooltip|%0]]\sn<<<\sn",\n dataBlock: "\sn/% DO NOT EDIT BELOW THIS POINT\sn---BEGIN_DATA---\sn%0;base64,\sn%1\sn---END_DATA---\sn%/",\n//}}}\n// // macro definition\n//{{{\n handler:\n function(place,macroName,params) {\n if (params && !params[0]) { createTiddlyButton(place,this.label,this.tooltip,this.toggleAttachPanel); return; }\n var id=params.shift();\n this.createAttachPanel(place,id+"_attachPanel",params);\n document.getElementById(id+"_attachPanel").style.position="static";\n document.getElementById(id+"_attachPanel").style.display="block";\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n createAttachPanel:\n function(place,panel_id,params) {\n if (!panel_id || !panel_id.length) var panel_id="_attachPanel";\n // remove existing panel (if any)\n var panel=document.getElementById(panel_id); if (panel) panel.parentNode.removeChild(panel);\n // set styles for this panel\n setStylesheet(this.css,"attachPanel");\n // create new panel\n var title=""; if (params && params[0]) title=params.shift();\n var types=this.MIMEPrompt+this.formatListOptions(store.getTiddlerText(this.typeList)); // get MIME types\n var scripts=this.scriptPrompt+this.formatListOptions(store.getTiddlerText(this.scriptList)); // get server scripts\n panel=createTiddlyElement(place,"span",panel_id,"attachPanel",null);\n var html=this.html.replace(/%id%/g,panel_id);\n html=html.replace(/%title%/g,title);\n html=html.replace(/%disabled%/g,title.length?"disabled":"");\n html=html.replace(/%types%/g,types);\n html=html.replace(/%scripts%/g,scripts);\n panel.innerHTML=html;\n return panel;\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n toggleAttachPanel:\n function (e) {\n if (!e) var e = window.event;\n var parent=resolveTarget(e).parentNode;\n var panel = document.getElementById("_attachPanel");\n if (panel==undefined || panel.parentNode!=parent)\n panel=config.macros.attach.createAttachPanel(parent,"_attachPanel");\n var isOpen = panel.style.display=="block";\n if(config.options.chkAnimate)\n anim.startAnimating(new Slider(panel,!isOpen,e.shiftKey || e.altKey,"none"));\n else\n panel.style.display = isOpen ? "none" : "block" ;\n e.cancelBubble = true;\n if (e.stopPropagation) e.stopPropagation();\n return(false);\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n formatListOptions:\n function(text,getparams) {\n if (!text || !text.trim().length) return "";\n // get server script list content from tiddler\n var parts=text.split("\sn----\sn");\n var out="";\n this.scriptParams=["","",""]; // first 3 list items: blank, prompt, editlist\n for (var p=0; p<parts.length; p++) {\n var lines=parts[p].split("\sn");\n var label=lines.shift(); // 1st line=display text\n var URL=lines.shift(); // 2nd line=item value\n var params=lines.join("\sn").replace(/<<<\sn/g,"").replace(/\sn<<</g,""); // extra lines=script params inside blockquotes\n this.scriptParams.push(params?params:"");\n out +='<option value="%1">%0</option>'.format([label,URL]);\n }\n return out;\n },\n//}}}\n// // interface definition\n//{{{\n css:\n ".attachPanel { display: none; position:absolute; z-index:10; width:35em; right:105%; top:0em;\s\n background-color: #eee; color:#000; font-size: 8pt; line-height:110%;\s\n border:1px solid black; border-bottom-width: 3px; border-right-width: 3px;\s\n padding: 0.5em; margin:0em; -moz-border-radius:1em; }\s\n .attachPanel form { display:inline;border:0;padding:0;margin:0; }\s\n .attachPanel select { width:99%;margin:0px;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%;}\s\n .attachPanel input { width:98%;padding:0px;margin:0px;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%}\s\n .attachPanel textarea { width:98%;margin:0px;height:2em;font-size:8pt;line-height:110%}\s\n .attachPanel table { width:100%;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;color:inherit; }\s\n .attachPanel tbody, .attachPanel tr, .attachPanel td { border:0;margin:0;padding:0;color:#000; }\s\n .attachPanel .box { border:1px solid black; padding:.3em; margin:.3em 0px; background:#f8f8f8; -moz-border-radius:5px; }\s\n .attachPanel .chk { width:auto;border:0; }\s\n .attachPanel .btn { width:auto; }\s\n .attachPanel .btn2 { width:49%; }\s\n ",\n//}}}\n//{{{\n html:\n '<form>\s\n attach from source file <input type="file" name="source" size=56 onChange="config.macros.attach.onChangeSource(this)">\s\n <div class="box">\s\n <table style="border:0"><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n embed data <input type=checkbox class=chk name="useData"\s\n onclick="if (!this.form.MIMEType.value.length)\s\n this.form.MIMEType.selectedIndex=this.checked?1:0; ">&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <select size=1 name="MIMEType" \s\n onchange="this.title=this.value; if (this.value==\s'editlist\s')\s\n { this.selectedIndex=this.form.useData.checked?1:0; story.displayTiddler(null,config.macros.attach.typeList,2); return; }">\s\n <option value=""></option>\s\n %types%\s\n </select>\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n local link <input type=checkbox class=chk name="useLocal"\s\n onclick="this.form.local.value=this.form.local.defaultValue=this.checked?config.macros.attach.localPrompt:\s'\s';">&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <input type=text name="local" size=15 autocomplete=off value=""\s\n onchange="this.form.useLocal.checked=this.value.length" \s\n onkeyup="this.form.useLocal.checked=this.value.length" \s\n onfocus="if (!this.valuelength) this.value=config.macros.attach.localPrompt; this.select()">\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n remote link <input type=checkbox class=chk name="useURL"\s\n onclick="this.form.URL.value=this.form.URL.defaultValue=this.checked?config.macros.attach.URLPrompt:\s'\s';\s\n config.macros.attach.toggleUploadControls(\s'%id%\s',this.checked);">&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <input type=text name="URL" size=15 autocomplete=off value=""\s\n onfocus="if (!this.value.length) this.value=config.macros.attach.URLPrompt; this.select()"\s\n onchange="this.form.useURL.checked=this.value.length;\s\n config.macros.attach.toggleUploadControls(\s'%id%\s',this.value.length);"\s\n onkeyup="this.form.useURL.checked=this.value.length;\s\n config.macros.attach.toggleUploadControls(\s'%id%\s',this.value.length);">\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n <div id="%id%_upcheck" style="display:none">\s\n upload file <input type=checkbox class=chk name="upload"\s\n onclick="this.form.uploadScript.selectedIndex=this.checked?1:0;\s\n this.form.uploadScript.title=\s'\s';\s\n this.form.uploadTarget.disabled=!this.checked;\s\n this.form.uploadTarget.value=this.form.uploadTarget.defaultValue=this.checked?config.macros.attach.targetPrompt:\s'\s';\s">&nbsp;\s\n </div>\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <div id="%id%_uplist" style="display:none">\s\n <select size=1 name="uploadScript"\s\n onchange="this.title=this.value; if (this.value==\s'editlist\s')\s\n { this.selectedIndex=this.form.upload.checked?1:0; story.displayTiddler(null,config.macros.attach.scriptList,2); return; }\s\n this.form.upload.checked=this.value.length;\s\n if (!this.form.uploadTarget.value.length && this.value.length)\s\n this.form.uploadTarget.value=this.form.uploadTarget.defaultValue=config.macros.attach.targetPrompt;\s\n this.form.uploadTarget.disabled=!this.value.length;">\s\n <option value=""></option>\s\n %scripts%\s\n </select>\s\n </div>\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n <div id="%id%_saveas" style="display:none">save as&nbsp;</div>\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <input type=text name="uploadTarget" id="%id%_uptarget" size=15 autocomplete=off value="" disabled\s\n onfocus="if (!this.value.length) this.value=config.macros.attach.targetPrompt; this.select()" style="display:none">\s\n </td></tr></table>\s\n </div>\s\n <table style="border:0"><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n attach as&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0" colspan=2>\s\n <input type=text name="tiddlertitle" size=15 autocomplete=off value="%title%"\s\n onkeyup="if (!this.value.length) { this.value=config.macros.attach.titlePrompt; this.select(); }"\s\n onfocus="if (!this.value.length) this.value=config.macros.attach.titlePrompt; this.select()" %disabled%>\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n description&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0" colspan=2>\s\n <input type=text name="notes" size=15 autocomplete=off>\s\n </td></tr><tr style="border:0"><td style="border:0;text-align:right;width:1%;white-space:nowrap">\s\n add tags&nbsp;\s\n </td><td style="border:0">\s\n <input type=text name="tags" size=15 autocomplete=off value="" onfocus="this.select()">\s\n </td><td style="width:40%;text-align:right;border:0">\s\n <input type=button class=btn2 value="attach"\s\n onclick="config.macros.attach.onClickAttach(this)"><!--\s\n --><input type=button class=btn2 value="close"\s\n onclick="var panel=document.getElementById(\s'%id%\s'); if (panel) panel.parentNode.removeChild(panel);">\s\n </td></tr></table>\s\n </form>',\n//}}}\n// // control processing\n//{{{\n onChangeSource:\n function(here) {\n var form=here.form;\n var list=form.MIMEType;\n var theFilename = form.source.value;\n var theExtension = theFilename.substr(theFilename.lastIndexOf('.')).toLowerCase();\n for (var i=0; i<list.options.length; i++)\n if (list.options[i].value.indexOf(theExtension)!=-1) {\n list.selectedIndex = i;\n form.useData.checked = true;\n form.useLocal.checked = true;\n form.local.value = theFilename;\n break;\n }\n theFilename=theFilename.replace(/\s\s/g,"/"); // fixup: change \s to /\n if (!form.tiddlertitle.disabled)\n form.tiddlertitle.value=theFilename.substr(theFilename.lastIndexOf('/')+1); // get tiddlername from filename\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n toggleUploadControls:\n function(id,show) {\n if (config.macros.attach.hideUpload) return;\n document.getElementById(id+'_upcheck').style.display\n =document.getElementById(id+'_uplist').style.display\n =document.getElementById(id+'_saveas').style.display\n =document.getElementById(id+'_uptarget').style.display\n =show?'block':'none';\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n onClickAttach:\n function (here) {\n clearMessage();\n // get input values\n var form=here.form;\n var theDate=(new Date()).formatString(config.macros.timeline.dateFormat);\n var theSource = form.source.value!=form.source.defaultValue?form.source.value:"";\n var theTitle=form.tiddlertitle.value;\n var theLocal = form.local.value!=form.local.defaultValue?form.local.value:"";\n var theURL = form.URL.value!=form.URL.defaultValue?form.URL.value:"";\n var theNotes = form.notes.value;\n var theTags = "attachment excludeMissing "+form.tags.value;\n var useData=form.useData.checked;\n var useLocal=form.useLocal.checked;\n var useURL=form.useURL.checked;\n var upload=form.upload.checked;\n var theMIMEType = form.MIMEType.value.length?form.MIMEType.options[form.MIMEType.selectedIndex].text:"";\n // validate checkboxes and get filename\n if (useData||upload) {\n if (theSource.length) { if (!theLocation) var theLocation=theSource; }\n else { alert(this.sourceErr); form.source.focus(); return false; }\n }\n if (useLocal) {\n if (theLocal.length) { if (!theLocation) var theLocation = theLocal; }\n else { alert(this.localErr); form.local.focus(); return false; }\n }\n if (useURL) {\n if (theURL.length) { if (!theLocation) var theLocation = theURL; }\n else { alert(this.URLErr); form.URL.focus(); return false; }\n }\n if (!(useData||useLocal||useURL))\n { form.useData.focus(); alert(this.storageErr); return false; }\n if (!theLocation)\n { form.source.focus(); alert(this.sourceErr); return false; }\n if (!theTitle || !theTitle.trim().length || theTitle==this.titlePrompt)\n { form.tiddlertitle.focus(); alert(this.tiddlerErr); return false; }\n if (upload) {\n var theScript = form.uploadScript.value!=form.uploadScript.defaultValue?form.uploadScript.value:"";\n if (!theScript.length) { alert(this.scriptErr); form.uploadScript.focus(); return false; }\n var theServer = form.uploadScript.options[form.uploadScript.selectedIndex].text;\n var theParams = this.scriptParams[form.uploadScript.selectedIndex];\n var theTarget = form.uploadTarget.value!=form.uploadTarget.defaultValue?form.uploadTarget.value:"";\n if (!theTarget.length) { alert(this.targetErr); form.uploadTarget.focus(); return false; }\n }\n // if not already selected, determine MIME type based on filename extension (if any)\n if (!theMIMEType.length && theLocation.lastIndexOf('.')!=-1) {\n var theExt = theLocation.substr(theLocation.lastIndexOf('.')).toLowerCase();\n var theList=form.MIMEType;\n for (var i=0; i<theList.options.length; i++)\n if (theList.options[i].value.indexOf(theExt)!=-1)\n { var theMIMEType=theList.options[i].text; theList.selectedIndex=i; break; }\n }\n // attach the file\n return this.createAttachmentTiddler(theSource, theDate, theNotes, theTags, theTitle,\n useData, useLocal, useURL, theLocal, theURL, theMIMEType, upload);\n },\n getMIMEType:\n function(src,def) {\n var ext = src.substr(src.lastIndexOf('.')).toLowerCase();\n var list=store.getTiddlerText(this.typeList);\n if (!list || !list.trim().length) return def;\n // get server script list content from tiddler\n var parts=list.split("\sn----\sn");\n for (var p=0; p<parts.length; p++) {\n var lines=parts[p].split("\sn");\n var mime=lines.shift(); // 1st line=MIME type\n var match=lines.shift(); // 2nd line=matching extensions\n if (match.indexOf(ext)!=-1) return mime;\n }\n return def;\n },\n createAttachmentTiddler:\n function (theSource, theDate, theNotes, theTags, theTitle,\n useData, useLocal, useURL, theLocal, theURL, theMIMEType, upload) {\n // encode the data\n if (useData) {\n if (!theMIMEType.length) {\n alert(this.MIMEErr);\n form.MIMEType.selectedIndex=1; form.MIMEType.focus();\n return false;\n }\n var theData = this.readFile(theSource); if (!theData) { return false; }\n displayMessage('encoding '+theSource);\n var theEncoded = this.encodeBase64(theData);\n displayMessage('file size='+theData.length+' bytes, encoded size='+theEncoded.length+' bytes');\n }\n // upload the file\n if (upload)\n var uploadresult=this.uploadFile(theTitle,theSource,theMIMEType,theServer,theScript,theParams,theTarget);\n // generate tiddler and refresh\n var theText = "";\n theText +=theSource.length?this.sourceReport.format([theSource]):this.nosourceReport;\n theText +=this.dateReport.format([theDate,config.options.txtUserName]);\n theText +=theNotes.length?this.notesReport.format([theNotes]):"";\n theText +=useData?this.dataReport.format([theTitle,theMIMEType,theData.length,theEncoded.length]):this.nodataReport;\n theText +=useLocal?this.localReport.format([theLocal,'file:///'+theLocal.replace(/\s\s/g,"/")]):this.nolocalReport;\n theText +=useURL?this.URLReport.format([theURL]):this.noURLReport;\n theText +=(theMIMEType.substr(0,5)=="image")?this.imageReport.format([theTitle]):"";\n theText +=upload?uploadresult:"";\n theText +=useData?this.dataBlock.format([theMIMEType,theEncoded]):"";\n store.saveTiddler(theTitle,theTitle,theText,config.options.txtUserName,new Date(),theTags);\n var panel=document.getElementById("attachPanel"); if (panel) panel.style.display="none";\n story.displayTiddler(null,theTitle);\n story.refreshTiddler(theTitle,null,true);\n displayMessage('attached "'+theTitle+'"');\n return true;\n },\n//}}}\n// // base64 conversion\n//{{{\n encodeBase64:\n function (theData) {\n if (!theData) return null;\n // encode as base64\n var keyStr = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/=";\n var out = ""; //This is the output\n var chr1, chr2, chr3 = ""; //These are the 3 bytes to be encoded\n var enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4 = ""; //These are the 4 encoded bytes\n for (var count=0,i=0; i<theData.length; )\n {\n chr1 = theData.charCodeAt(i++); //Grab the first byte\n chr2 = theData.charCodeAt(i++); //Grab the second byte\n chr3 = theData.charCodeAt(i++); //Grab the third byte\n enc1 = chr1 >> 2;\n enc2 = ((chr1 & 3) << 4) | (chr2 >> 4);\n enc3 = ((chr2 & 15) << 2) | (chr3 >> 6);\n enc4 = chr3 & 63;\n if (isNaN(chr2))\n enc3 = enc4 = 64;\n else if (isNaN(chr3))\n enc4 = 64;\n out += keyStr.charAt(enc1)+keyStr.charAt(enc2)+keyStr.charAt(enc3)+keyStr.charAt(enc4);\n chr1 = chr2 = chr3 = "";\n enc1 = enc2 = enc3 = enc4 = "";\n count+=4; if (count>60) { out+='\sn'; count=0; } // add line break every 60 chars for readability\n }\n return out;\n },\n//}}}\n// // I/O functions\n//{{{\n readFile:\n function(filePath) {\n if(!window.Components) { return null; }\n try { netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect"); }\n catch(e) { alert("access denied: "+filePath); return null; }\n var file = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/file/local;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);\n try { file.initWithPath(filePath); } catch(e) { alert("cannot read file - invalid path: "+filePath); return null; }\n if (!file.exists()) { alert("cannot read file - not found: "+filePath); return null; }\n var inputStream = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/network/file-input-stream;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIFileInputStream);\n inputStream.init(file, 0x01, 00004, null);\n var bInputStream = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/binaryinputstream;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsIBinaryInputStream);\n bInputStream.setInputStream(inputStream);\n return(bInputStream.readBytes(inputStream.available()));\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n writeFile:\n function(filepath,data) {\n // TBD: decode base64 and write data to specified local path/filename\n return(false);\n },\n//}}}\n//{{{\n uploadFile:\n function(title,source,MIMEType,server,URL,scriptparams,target) {\n displayMessage("begin upload: \s""+title+"\s"");\n if (URL==undefined || !URL.length)\n return this.uploadReport.format([server,URL,target,"error: missing script URL"]);\n var x; // XML object\n try {x = new XMLHttpRequest()}\n catch(e) {\n try {x = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP")}\n catch (e) {\n try {x = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}\n catch (e) { return this.uploadReport.format([server,URL,target,"error: could not create XMLHttpRequest object"]); }\n }\n }\n var starttime=new Date();\n x.onreadystatechange = function() {\n if (x.readyState == 4) {\n var endtime=new Date();\n var elapsed=(endtime-starttime+1)/1000;\n displayMessage("end upload: \s""+title+"\s" ("+elapsed+" seconds)");\n var response="\sn''"+endtime.formatString("DD MMM YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss")+"'' - upload ended (elapsed="+elapsed+" seconds).\sn";\n; response+="status code="+x.status+"\snserver response:\sn{{{\sn"+x.responseText+"\sn}}}\sn";\n var tiddler=store.getTiddler(title);\n if (tiddler) {\n var marker="/%RESULT%/"; var pos=tiddler.text.indexOf(marker);\n if (pos!=-1) {\n tiddler.set(null,tiddler.text.substr(0,pos)+response+tiddler.text.substr(pos+marker.length));\n story.displayTiddler(null,title); story.refreshTiddler(title,null,true); store.setDirty(true);\n } \n }\n }\n }\n if ((document.location.protocol=="file:") && (typeof(netscape)!="undefined")) { // UniversalBrowserRead only works from a local file context\n try { netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege('UniversalBrowserRead')}\n catch (e) { displayMessage(e.description?e.description:e.toString()); }\n }\n try {\n var data=this.readFile(source);\n if (!data) return this.uploadReport.format([server,URL,target,"could not read local source file"]);\n scriptparams=scriptparams.replace(/%TARGET%/g,target).replace(/%TYPE%/g,MIMEType).replace(/%SIZE%/g,data.length);\n if (scriptparams.indexOf("\sn")==-1) { // single-line params=GET\n x.open("GET",URL,true);\n scriptparams=scriptparams.replace(/%DATA%/g,encodeURIComponent(data));\n x.setRequestHeader('Content-type','application/x-www-form-urlencoded');\n }\n else { // multi-line params=POST\n x.open("POST",URL,true);\n var boundary="----------AttachFilePluginDataBoundary----------";\n scriptparams="\sn"+scriptparams.replace(/%BOUNDARY%/g,boundary).replace(/%DATA%/g,data)+"\sn";\n x.setRequestHeader('Content-Length',scriptparams.length);\n x.setRequestHeader('Content-Type','multipart/form-data; boundary='+boundary);\n }\n x.send(scriptparams);\n // DEBUG alert("params\sn-----\sn"+scriptparams+"\sn-----\sn"); // wffl DEBUG\n }\n catch (e) { displayMessage(e.description?e.description:e.toString()); }\n var response="''"+starttime.formatString("DD MMM YYYY 0hh:0mm:0ss")+"'' - upload started...";\n return this.uploadReport.format([server,URL,target,response]);\n }\n};\n//}}}\n\n/***\n!!!!!Formatters\n|NOTE: These functions are also defined separately in a small, "run-time library" plugin: AttachFilePluginFormatters, which provides "stand-alone" processing for //rendering// attachment tiddlers, but does not include the AttachTiddlers control panel and supporting functions. To reduce your document size, you can include AttachFilePluginFormatters ''instead of'' AttachFilePlugin when distributing documents that contain attachments, as long you don't intend to create any new attachment tiddlers to your document.|\n\n''Extends wikify() formatters to process attachment tiddler references''\n* embedded images: {{{[img[tooltip|image]]}}}\n* linked embedded images: {{{[img[tooltip|image][link]]}}}\n* external/"pretty" links: {{{[[label|link]]}}}\n\n***/\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach==undefined) config.macros.attach= { };\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.isAttachment==undefined) config.macros.attach.isAttachment=function (title) {\n var tiddler = store.getTiddler(title);\n if (tiddler==undefined || tiddler.tags==undefined) return false;\n return (tiddler.tags.find("attachment")!=null);\n}\n//}}}\n\n//{{{\n// test for local file existence\n// Returns true/false without visible error display\n// Uses Components for FF and ActiveX FSO object for MSIE\nif (config.macros.attach.fileExists==undefined) config.macros.attach.fileExists=function(theFile) {\n var found=false;\n // DEBUG: alert('testing fileExists('+theFile+')...');\n if(window.Components) {\n try { netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect"); }\n catch(e) { return false; } // security access denied\n var file = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/file/local;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);\n try { file.initWithPath(theFile); }\n catch(e) { return false; } // invalid directory\n found = file.exists();\n }\n else { // use ActiveX FSO object for MSIE \n var fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");\n found = fso.FileExists(theFile)\n }\n // DEBUG: alert(theFile+" "+(found?"exists":"not found"));\n return found;\n}\n//}}}\n\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.getAttachment==undefined) config.macros.attach.getAttachment=function(title) {\n\n // extract embedded data, local and remote links (if any)\n var startmarker="---BEGIN_DATA---\sn";\n var endmarker="\sn---END_DATA---";\n var pos=0; var endpos=0;\n var text = store.getTiddlerText(title);\n var embedded="";\n var locallink="";\n var remotelink="";\n\n // look for embedded data, convert to data: URI\n if ((pos=text.indexOf(startmarker))!=-1 && (endpos=text.indexOf(endmarker))!=-1)\n embedded="data:"+(text.substring(pos+startmarker.length,endpos)).replace(/\sn/g,'');\n if (embedded.length && !config.browser.isIE)\n return embedded; // use embedded data if any... except for IE, which doesn't support data URI\n\n // no embedded data... fallback to local/remote reference links...\n\n // look for 'attachment link markers'\n if ((pos=text.indexOf("/%LOCAL_LINK%/"))!=-1)\n locallink=text.substring(text.indexOf("|",pos)+1,text.indexOf("]]",pos));\n if ((pos=text.indexOf("/%REMOTE_LINK%/"))!=-1)\n remotelink=text.substring(text.indexOf("|",pos)+1,text.indexOf("]]",pos));\n\n // document is being served remotely... use remote URL (if any) (avoids security alert)\n if (remotelink.length && document.location.protocol!="file:")\n return remotelink; \n\n // local link only... return link without checking file existence (avoids security alert)\n if (locallink.length && !remotelink.length) \n return locallink; \n\n // local link, check for file exist... use local link if found\n if (locallink.length) { \n if (this.fileExists(getLocalPath(locallink))) return locallink;\n // maybe local link is relative... add path from current document and try again\n var pathPrefix=document.location.href; // get current document path and trim off filename\n var slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf("/"); if (slashpos==-1) slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf("\s\s"); \n if (slashpos!=-1 && slashpos!=pathPrefix.length-1) pathPrefix=pathPrefix.substr(0,slashpos+1);\n if (this.fileExists(getLocalPath(pathPrefix+locallink))) return locallink;\n }\n\n // no embedded data, no local (or not found), fallback to remote URL (if any)\n if (remotelink.length) \n return remotelink;\n\n return ""; // attachment URL doesn't resolve\n}\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.init_formatters==undefined) config.macros.attach.init_formatters=function() {\n if (this.initialized) return;\n // find the formatter for "image" and replace the handler\n for (var i=0; i<config.formatters.length && config.formatters[i].name!="image"; i++);\n if (i<config.formatters.length) config.formatters[i].handler=function(w) {\n if (!this.lookaheadRegExp) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n this.lookaheadRegExp = new RegExp(this.lookahead,"mg");\n this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;\n var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)\n if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart) // Simple bracketted link\n {\n var e = w.output;\n if(lookaheadMatch[5])\n {\n var link = lookaheadMatch[5];\n // ELS -------------\n if (!config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n var external=!store.tiddlerExists(link)&&!store.isShadowTiddler(link);\n else\n var external=config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink(link);\n if (external)\n {\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(link))\n {\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n e.href=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(link);\n e.title = config.macros.attach.linkTooltip + link;\n }\n else\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n }\n else \n e = createTiddlyLink(w.output,link,false,null,w.isStatic);\n // ELS -------------\n addClass(e,"imageLink");\n }\n var img = createTiddlyElement(e,"img");\n if(lookaheadMatch[1])\n img.align = "left";\n else if(lookaheadMatch[2])\n img.align = "right";\n if(lookaheadMatch[3])\n img.title = lookaheadMatch[3];\n img.src = lookaheadMatch[4];\n // ELS -------------\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(lookaheadMatch[4]))\n img.src=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(lookaheadMatch[4]);\n // ELS -------------\n w.nextMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex;\n }\n }\n//}}}\n//{{{\n // find the formatter for "prettyLink" and replace the handler\n for (var i=0; i<config.formatters.length && config.formatters[i].name!="prettyLink"; i++);\n if (i<config.formatters.length) {\n if (version.major>=2 && version.minor>=1 && version.revision>2) {\n config.formatters[i].handler=function(w) \n {\n this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;\n var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source);\n if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart)\n {\n var e;\n var text = lookaheadMatch[1];\n if(lookaheadMatch[3])\n {\n // Pretty bracketted link\n var link = lookaheadMatch[3];\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(link))\n {\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n e.href=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(link);\n e.title=config.macros.attach.linkTooltip+link;\n }\n else e = (!lookaheadMatch[2] && config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink(link))\n ? createExternalLink(w.output,link)\n : createTiddlyLink(w.output,link,false,null,w.isStatic);\n }\n else\n {\n e = createTiddlyLink(w.output,text,false,null,w.isStatic);\n }\n createTiddlyText(e,text);\n w.nextMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex;\n }\n }\n } else { // FALLBACK for TW2.1.2 and earlier\n config.formatters[i].handler=function(w)\n {\n if (!this.lookaheadRegExp) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n this.lookaheadRegExp = new RegExp(this.lookahead,"mg");\n this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;\n var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)\n if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart)\n {\n var e;\n var text = lookaheadMatch[1];\n if (lookaheadMatch[2]) // Simple bracketted link\n {\n e = createTiddlyLink(w.output,text,false,null,w.isStatic);\n }\n else if(lookaheadMatch[3]) // Pretty bracketted link\n {\n var link = lookaheadMatch[4];\n // ELS -------------\n if (!config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n var external=!store.tiddlerExists(link)&&!store.isShadowTiddler(link);\n else\n var external=config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink(link);\n if (external)\n {\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(link))\n {\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n e.href=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(link);\n e.title = config.macros.attach.linkTooltip + link;\n }\n else\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n }\n else \n e = createTiddlyLink(w.output,link,false,null,w.isStatic);\n // ELS -------------\n }\n createTiddlyText(e,text);\n w.nextMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex;\n }\n }\n } // END FALLBACK\n } // if "prettyLink" formatter found\n this.initialized=true;\n}\n//}}}\n//{{{\nconfig.macros.attach.init_formatters(); // load time init\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (TiddlyWiki.prototype.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText==undefined) {\n TiddlyWiki.prototype.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText = TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText;\n TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText = function(title,defaultText,depth) {\n return config.macros.attach.isAttachment(title)?\n config.macros.attach.getAttachment(title):this.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText(title,defaultText,depth);\n }\n}\n//}}}
/***\n|Name|AttachFilePluginFormatters|\n|Source|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#AttachFilePluginFormatters|\n|Version|3.5.0.0|\n|Author|Eric Shulman - ELS Design Studios|\n|License|http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#LegalStatements <<br>>and [[Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 License|http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/]]|\n|~CoreVersion|2.1|\n|Type|plugin|\n|Requires||\n|Overrides|'image' and 'prettyLink' formatters, TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText()|\n|Description|run-time library for distributing attachment tiddlers|\n\nYou can include this small //''run time library''// in your documents to render ''attachment tiddlers'' created by the AttachFilePlugin. Attachment tiddlers are tagged with<<tag attachment>>and contain binary file content (e.g., jpg, gif, pdf, mp3, etc.) that can be stored directly as base64 text-encoded data or loaded from external files stored on a local filesystem or remote web server.\n\nThis plugin extends the behavior of the following TiddlyWiki core "wikify()" formatters:\n* embedded images: {{{[img[tooltip|image]]}}}\n* linked embedded images: {{{[img[tooltip|image][link]]}}}\n* external/"pretty" links: {{{[[label|link]]}}}\n\n''Please refer to AttachFilePlugin (source: http://www.TiddlyTools.com/#AttachFilePlugin) for additional information.''\n!!!!!Revision History\n<<<\n''2006.11.30 [3.5.0.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.5.0\n''2006.11.09 [3.4.6.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.6 (real fix for TW2.1.3)\n''2006.11.08 [3.4.5.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.5 (temporary fix for TW2.1.3)\n''2006.09.10 [3.4.4.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.4\n''2006.07.24 [3.4.3.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.3\n''2006.07.13 [3.4.2.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.2\n''2006.06.15 [3.4.1.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.1\n''2006.05.20 [3.4.0.0]'' sync with AttachFilePlugin v3.4.0\n''2006.05.13 [3.2.0.0]'' created from AttachFilePlugin v3.2.0\n<<<\n!!!!!Code\n***/\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach==undefined) config.macros.attach= { };\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.isAttachment==undefined) config.macros.attach.isAttachment=function (title) {\n var tiddler = store.getTiddler(title);\n if (tiddler==undefined || tiddler.tags==undefined) return false;\n return (tiddler.tags.find("attachment")!=null);\n}\n//}}}\n\n//{{{\n// test for local file existence\n// Returns true/false without visible error display\n// Uses Components for FF and ActiveX FSO object for MSIE\nif (config.macros.attach.fileExists==undefined) config.macros.attach.fileExists=function(theFile) {\n var found=false;\n // DEBUG: alert('testing fileExists('+theFile+')...');\n if(window.Components) {\n try { netscape.security.PrivilegeManager.enablePrivilege("UniversalXPConnect"); }\n catch(e) { return false; } // security access denied\n var file = Components.classes["@mozilla.org/file/local;1"].createInstance(Components.interfaces.nsILocalFile);\n try { file.initWithPath(theFile); }\n catch(e) { return false; } // invalid directory\n found = file.exists();\n }\n else { // use ActiveX FSO object for MSIE \n var fso = new ActiveXObject("Scripting.FileSystemObject");\n found = fso.FileExists(theFile)\n }\n // DEBUG: alert(theFile+" "+(found?"exists":"not found"));\n return found;\n}\n//}}}\n\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.getAttachment==undefined) config.macros.attach.getAttachment=function(title) {\n\n // extract embedded data, local and remote links (if any)\n var startmarker="---BEGIN_DATA---\sn";\n var endmarker="\sn---END_DATA---";\n var pos=0; var endpos=0;\n var text = store.getTiddlerText(title);\n var embedded="";\n var locallink="";\n var remotelink="";\n\n // look for embedded data, convert to data: URI\n if ((pos=text.indexOf(startmarker))!=-1 && (endpos=text.indexOf(endmarker))!=-1)\n embedded="data:"+(text.substring(pos+startmarker.length,endpos)).replace(/\sn/g,'');\n if (embedded.length && !config.browser.isIE)\n return embedded; // use embedded data if any... except for IE, which doesn't support data URI\n\n // no embedded data... fallback to local/remote reference links...\n\n // look for 'attachment link markers'\n if ((pos=text.indexOf("/%LOCAL_LINK%/"))!=-1)\n locallink=text.substring(text.indexOf("|",pos)+1,text.indexOf("]]",pos));\n if ((pos=text.indexOf("/%REMOTE_LINK%/"))!=-1)\n remotelink=text.substring(text.indexOf("|",pos)+1,text.indexOf("]]",pos));\n\n // document is being served remotely... use remote URL (if any) (avoids security alert)\n if (remotelink.length && document.location.protocol!="file:")\n return remotelink; \n\n // local link only... return link without checking file existence (avoids security alert)\n if (locallink.length && !remotelink.length) \n return locallink; \n\n // local link, check for file exist... use local link if found\n if (locallink.length) { \n if (this.fileExists(getLocalPath(locallink))) return locallink;\n // maybe local link is relative... add path from current document and try again\n var pathPrefix=document.location.href; // get current document path and trim off filename\n var slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf("/"); if (slashpos==-1) slashpos=pathPrefix.lastIndexOf("\s\s"); \n if (slashpos!=-1 && slashpos!=pathPrefix.length-1) pathPrefix=pathPrefix.substr(0,slashpos+1);\n if (this.fileExists(getLocalPath(pathPrefix+locallink))) return locallink;\n }\n\n // no embedded data, no local (or not found), fallback to remote URL (if any)\n if (remotelink.length) \n return remotelink;\n\n return ""; // attachment URL doesn't resolve\n}\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (config.macros.attach.init_formatters==undefined) config.macros.attach.init_formatters=function() {\n if (this.initialized) return;\n // find the formatter for "image" and replace the handler\n for (var i=0; i<config.formatters.length && config.formatters[i].name!="image"; i++);\n if (i<config.formatters.length) config.formatters[i].handler=function(w) {\n if (!this.lookaheadRegExp) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n this.lookaheadRegExp = new RegExp(this.lookahead,"mg");\n this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex = w.matchStart;\n var lookaheadMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.exec(w.source)\n if(lookaheadMatch && lookaheadMatch.index == w.matchStart) // Simple bracketted link\n {\n var e = w.output;\n if(lookaheadMatch[5])\n {\n var link = lookaheadMatch[5];\n // ELS -------------\n if (!config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink) // fixup for TW2.0.x\n var external=!store.tiddlerExists(link)&&!store.isShadowTiddler(link);\n else\n var external=config.formatterHelpers.isExternalLink(link);\n if (external)\n {\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(link))\n {\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n e.href=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(link);\n e.title = config.macros.attach.linkTooltip + link;\n }\n else\n e = createExternalLink(w.output,link);\n }\n else \n e = createTiddlyLink(w.output,link,false,null,w.isStatic);\n // ELS -------------\n addClass(e,"imageLink");\n }\n var img = createTiddlyElement(e,"img");\n if(lookaheadMatch[1])\n img.align = "left";\n else if(lookaheadMatch[2])\n img.align = "right";\n if(lookaheadMatch[3])\n img.title = lookaheadMatch[3];\n img.src = lookaheadMatch[4];\n // ELS -------------\n if (config.macros.attach.isAttachment(lookaheadMatch[4]))\n img.src=config.macros.attach.getAttachment(lookaheadMatch[4]);\n // ELS -------------\n w.nextMatch = this.lookaheadRegExp.lastIndex;\n }\n }\n//}}}\n//{{{\n // find the formatter for "prettyLink" and replace the handler\n for (var i=0; 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// load time init\n//}}}\n//{{{\nif (TiddlyWiki.prototype.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText==undefined) {\n TiddlyWiki.prototype.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText = TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText;\n TiddlyWiki.prototype.getRecursiveTiddlerText = function(title,defaultText,depth) {\n return config.macros.attach.isAttachment(title)?\n config.macros.attach.getAttachment(title):this.coreGetRecursiveTiddlerText(title,defaultText,depth);\n }\n}\n//}}}
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;b@@\nBib has the sound of the letter 'b' in the words: bib, butter, butler, and boot.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nOther than looking slightly like a lower-case 'b', there isn't much to go off of. It's the opposite of Peep, so the two are both found in little @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@o @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ee@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@. (little bo peep)\n\n''Practice''\n She was surprised, as she walked along, to see how pretty the\ncountry was about her. There were neat fences at the sides of the\nroad, painted a dainty @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@lue color, and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@eyond them were fields of\ngrain and vegetables in abundance. Evidently the Munchkins were\ngood farmers and a@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@le to raise large crops. Once in a while she\nwould pass a house, and the people came out to look at her and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ow\nlow as she went by; for everyone knew she had @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@een the means of\ndestroying the Wicked Witch and setting them free from @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ondage.\nThe houses of the Munchkins were odd-looking dwellings, for each\nwas round, with a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ig dome for a roof. All were painted @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@lue,\nfor in this country of the East @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@lue was the favorite color.\n\n Toward evening, when Dorothy was tired with her long walk and\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@egan to wonder where she should pass the night, she came to a\nhouse rather larger than the rest. On the green lawn @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@efore it\nmany men and women were dancing. Five little fiddlers played as\nloudly as possible, and the people were laughing and singing,\nwhile a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ig table near by was loaded with delicious fruits and\nnuts, pies and cakes, and many other good things to eat.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;c@@\nChurch has the sound of the letter pair 'ch' in the words: church, chicken, and cheese.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIf you drew a head to the left of this character, you could make it look like a chicken's head if the chicken were lying back getting a sun tan or something.\n\n''Practice''\n "She was the Wicked Wit@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@ of the East, as I said," answered\nthe little woman. "She has held all the Mun@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@kins in bondage for\nmany years, making them slave for her night and day. Now they are\nall set free, and are grateful to you for the favor."\n\n "Who are the Mun@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@kins?" inquired Dorothy.\n\n "They are the people who live in this land of the East\n where the Wicked Wit@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@ ruled."\n\n "Are you a Mun@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@kin?" asked Dorothy.\n\n "No, but I am their friend, although I live in the land of the\nNorth. When they saw the Wit@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@ of the East was dead the Mun@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@kins\nsent a swift messenger to me, and I came at once. I am the Wit@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@\nof the North."\n\n "Oh, gracious!" cried Dorothy. "Are you a real wit@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@?"
The Carnegie Mellon University Pronouncing Dictionary contains over 125,000 words and uses 39 phenomes with 3 stress notations for each vowel sound. It is freely downloadable.\n\nhttp://www.speech.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/cmudict
Background: #fff\nForeground: #000\nPrimaryPale: #1E8D00\nPrimaryLight: #176A00\nPrimaryMid: #0F4700\nPrimaryDark: #082300\nSecondaryPale: #FFFF99\nSecondaryLight: #EEEE44\nSecondaryMid: #DDDD22\nSecondaryDark: #CCCC00\nTertiaryPale: #E3F1DF\nTertiaryLight: #C7E3BF\nTertiaryMid: #ABD49F\nTertiaryDark: #8FC680\nError: #f88\n
The shavian community is working on some computerized transliteration methods, so sometime in the near future it should be much easier to transliterate text. One of the difficulties is that words that are spelled identically in [[TO]] can be pronounced differently. For example, the word convict (noun) is pronounced differently from convict (verb).\n\nThere must be ways for a computer to tell when words are used as nouns and when they are used as verbs, so there is hope that we won't have to manually choose the correct form forever.\n\nOf course that won't affect regional pronunciation differences, which can cause a lot of spelling variations. For example, the word new, which I pronounce @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;nM@@, some people pronounce, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;nV@@, which floored me the first time I saw it.\n\nFor now, the best computerized transliteration I know of is found at: http://saytheword.org.uk/shavian/phpghotifilleter/index.php It works well, but you have to choose among several words choices for many words. It uses CMUDict as its main source of phonetic data. CMUDict is American and does not distinguish [[On]] from [[AH]].\n\n!!Transliterate Webpages with WebVocab\nWebVocab is a Greasemonkey script for Firefox that will translate/transliterate words in web pages for you based on the word lists you create. By using unicode text, you can replace standard words with shavian ones.\n\nYou may not be able to translate every word, but you can make a start and reading the occasional shaw alphabet word here and there will help you become fluent.\n\nThere is also a chance that you could use this script to display fonts like [[Lionspaw|lionspaw.zip]] as well. So far, I haven't tried.
Copyright 2007, Edward Shapard\n\nExcept where othewise noted, all text in this document is covered by the GNUFreeDocumentationLicense and is either written by me, Edward Shapard, derived from a source covered by the GNUFreeDocumentationLicense such as Wikipedia, or derived from Public Domain works such as The Wizard of Oz.\n\nYou may modfy and redistribute the text of this document according to the GNUFreeDocumentationLicense.\n\nThe image of my initials (EJS) and Perseus is copyright 2007. The image of Perseus alone is public domain.\n\nThe Lionspaw fonts that accompany this document are copyright Lionel Ghoti 2006.\n\nThe "Shaw" image at the top is released into the Public Domain by me, its author.\n\nTiddlyWiki's sourcode is copyright 2007, Osmosoft
!!!Corrected Shaw Alphabet\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;p@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;t@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;k@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;f@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;T@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;s@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;S@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;c@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;j@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;N@@ |\n| [[Peep]] | [[Tot]] | [[Kick]] | [[Fee]] | [[THigh]] | [[So]] | [[Sure]] | [[CHurCH]] | [[Yea]] | [[Ha-Ha]]^^1^^ |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;b@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;d@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;g@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;v@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;H@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;J@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;w@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;h@@ |\n| [[Bib]] | [[Dead]] | [[Gag]] | [[Vow]] | [[THey]] | [[Zoo]] | [[meaSure]] | [[Judge]] | [[Woe]] | [[huNG]]^^1^^ |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;l@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;m@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;i@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;e@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;A@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;o@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;U@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Q@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;y@@ |\n| [[Loll]] | [[Mime]] | [[If]] | [[Egg]]^^2^^ | [[Ash]] | [[Ado]] | [[On]] | [[wOOl]] | [[OUt]] | [[AH]] |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;n@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;E@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;F@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;O@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;M@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;q@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Y@@ |\n| [[Roar]] | [[Nun]] | [[EAt]] | [[Age]] | [[Ice]] | [[Up]] | [[OAk]] | [[OOze]] | [[Oil]] | [[AWE]] |\n|| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;R@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;P@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;D@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;C@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;W@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;V@@ ||\n|| [[ARE]] | [[OR]] | [[ERR]]^^3^^ | [[AIR]] | [[ARray]]^^4^^ | [[EAR]] | [[IAn]] | [[YEW]] ||\n\n#Ha-ha and Hung have had their symbols swapped\n#Egg is actually pronounced like Ed\n#ERR and AIR have had their symbols swapped\n#Array is actually pronounced like the 'er' in Manner\nSee: Converting TraditionalToCorrected \n
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;d@@\nDead, has the sound of the letter 'd' in the words: dead, dark, doctor, and dangle.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt looks like the number one has fallen over and died.\n\n''Practice''\n The people greeted @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@orothy kin@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ly, and invite@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ her to supper an@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@\nto pass the night with them; for this was the home of one of the\nrichest Munchkins in the lan@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@, an@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ his frien@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@s were gathere@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ with\nhim to celebrate their free@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@om from the bon@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@age of the Wicke@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ Witch.\n\n @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@orothy ate a hearty supper and was waite@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ upon by the rich\nMunchkin himself, whose name was Boq. Then she sat upon a settee\nan@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ watche@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ the people @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ance.\n\n When Boq saw her silver shoes he sai@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@, "You must be a great sorceress."
Deep characters descend below the bottoms of all other characters. They are found in the second row of the AlphabetTable and are all [[consonants]].\n\nThe roman alphabet has deep letters too. Examples would be g, q, p, and j. See how the extend below the other letters in these words: goop queue jug\n\nCompare with TallCharacters
[[Welcome]]\nShawAlphabet
The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard arrangement (designed by Dr. August Dvorak and William Dealey and patented in 1936), was designed to increase a typist's speed and comfort. [[QWERTY|Qwerty]]'s inventor, Christopher Sholes, patented a key arrangement similar to Dvorak's, but it never became popular. The world record for typing speed was made on a Dvorak keyboard.\n\nHand alternation is encouraged by the Dvorak layout. One of the ways this is acheived is by placing all [[vowels]] underneath the fingers of the left hand on the home row and the most common [[consonants]] under the fingers of the right hand on the home row. Thousands of words can be typed with the home row keys alone, so new typists learning the Dvorak layout can type many more words than new Qwerty typists after learning only the home row. It is estimated that about 70% of all typing on the Dvorak layout occurs on the home row, making it a more comfortable layout.\n\nThe second most common [[consonants]] are placed on the top row, which is the second easiest to reach according to the research done be Dvorak, and the least common letters are on the bottom row. Dvorak attempted to ensure that when two letters are typed on the same hand, two different fingers are used, and the first letter is on the outside of the layout relative to the second one. This inward finger motion ("inward stroke flow") is easier to perform than the opposite motion.\n\nHere's the Dvorak Layout. Letters on the right are shifted unless the table gets scrunched up too much, then they will appear on the bottom of each key.\n<html>\n<table><COLGROUP span="30" width="*">\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=2>` ~</td>\n<td colspan=2>1 !</td>\n<td colspan=2>2 @</td>\n<td colspan=2>3 #</td>\n<td colspan=2>4 $</td>\n<td colspan=2>5 %</td>\n<td colspan=2>6 ^</td>\n<td colspan=2>7 &</td>\n<td colspan=2>8 *</td>\n<td colspan=2>9 (</td>\n<td colspan=2>0 )</td>\n<td colspan=2>[ {</td>\n<td colspan=2>] }</td>\n<td colspan=2>\s |</td>\n<td colspan=2>Back</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=3>Tab</td>\n<td colspan=2>' "</td>\n<td colspan=2>, &lt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>. &gt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>p</td>\n<td colspan=2>y</td>\n<td colspan=2>f</td>\n<td colspan=2>g</td>\n<td colspan=2>c</td>\n<td colspan=2>r</td>\n<td colspan=2>l</td>\n<td colspan=2>/ ?</td>\n<td colspan=2>= +</td>\n<td colspan=3>&nbsp;</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=4>Caps</td>\n<td colspan=2>a</td>\n<td colspan=2>o</td>\n<td colspan=2>e</td>\n<td colspan=2>u</td>\n<td colspan=2>i</td>\n<td colspan=2>d</td>\n<td colspan=2>h</td>\n<td colspan=2>t</td>\n<td colspan=2>n</td>\n<td colspan=2>s</td>\n<td colspan=2>-</td>\n<td colspan=4>Enter</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=5>Shift</td>\n<td colspan=2>;</td>\n<td colspan=2>q</td>\n<td colspan=2>j</td>\n<td colspan=2>k</td>\n<td colspan=2>x</td>\n<td colspan=2>b</td>\n<td colspan=2>m</td>\n<td colspan=2>w</td>\n<td colspan=2>v</td>\n<td colspan=2>z</td>\n<td colspan=5>Shift</>\n</table>\n</html>
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;C@@\nEar simply sounds like the word ear.\n\nThere is some confusion over wether this is a combination of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;i@@ ([[If]]), @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ ([[Ado]]), and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]); or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ ([[EAt]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]). It sounds like the latter to me, but looks like the former. Furthermore, I'm not sure if the first combination of sounds really exists in modern English.\n\nI think it's possible that the character @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ was just simplified so that Ear could be written with fewer strokes of the pen. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ requires 3 strokes, which is the largest number required by any of the characters. I think KingsleyRead was concerned with writing speed, so he would have wanted to keep this character under 4 pen strokes. \n\nI imagine that the first stroke of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ is continued all the way to the bottom, the second stroke is connected to the next letter, and the third is abandoned.\n
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;I@@\nEat has the sound of the letter combination 'ea' in the words: eat, seat, and meat; and 'ee' in the words; meet, beet, and feet.
|Traditional|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;x@@|Corrected|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;X@@ |\n\nErr has the sound of the vowel/r combinations in the words: Erp, burp, and chirp.\n\nIt is used for stressed syllables, and is a combination of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ ([[Up]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]). See AirErrControversy
Hi, I'm Edward Shapard. I'm just a guy with some time on his hands (and a need for distraction) who's trying to learn the Shaw alphabet. This file is a collection of my notes and observations and I hope it helps you too.\n\nI shy away from calling this the Shavian alphabet because the word Shavian just doesn't sound anything like Shaw to me and you can't argue that it should be pronounced differently because that's the only pronunciation in the dictionary (At least the one I looked in).\n\nI am not a linguist, so everything in here could be as wrong as the day is long. I may offend you and insult all you hold dear. I may lead you unto temptation and then ask you why I never hear the word unto in any other phrase but that one. Caveat emptor (buyer beware).
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;e@@\n\nThis letter has the sound of the letter e in the words: every, Edward, hepatic, and step.\n\nIn America, the word egg is usually pronounced with the sound of the shaw letter @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;E@@ ([[Age]]). It is unfortunate that the word egg was chosen for its name when there are several words that start with the same sound and would be less confusing.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks so much like some of the others that they are hard to tell apart. Egg is written with a stroke of the pen that could be the start of a slanted lowercase letter 'e'. Since this letter is named 'egg' and has a sound that is often spelled with an e, you can remeber this sound by thinking of the letter e.\n\n''Practice''\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@very time you see @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@nyone nowadays, th@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@'re always w@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@ring pickles in their socks! Who started this bizarre fashion craze? If @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@nyone asked me why @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@veryone started doing this, I'd have to blame in on Mr. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@d. Sure, he looks like an innocent TV star horse, but @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@nyone rem@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@mber the zuccini-garter fad from last year? I say, "Mr. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;e@@d did it!"
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;f@@\nFee is pronounced like the 'f' sound in the words: fee, fie, foe, and fum.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nFee looks like an ele''ph''ant's trunk. Unfortunately, so do some of the other letters, but it' the best mnemonic I could come up with.\n\n''Practice''\n The house whirled around two or three times and rose slowly\nthrough the air. Dorothy @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@elt as i@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ she were going up in a balloon.\n\n The north and south winds met where the house stood, and made\nit the exact center of the cyclone. In the middle of a cyclone\nthe air is generally still, but the great pressure of the wind on\nevery side of the house raised it up higher and higher, until it\nwas at the very top of the cyclone; and there it remained and was\ncarried miles and miles away as easily as you could carry a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@eather.\n\n It was very dark, and the wind howled horribly around her,\nbut Dorothy @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ound she was riding quite easily. After the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@irst\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ew whirls around, and one other time when the house tipped badly,\nshe @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@elt as i@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle.\n
Here, for your reading practice, I present the first chapter of TheWizardOfOz. Enjoy\n\n<html>\n<font face=Lionspaw size=+1>\n<h3>1. H sFklOn</h3> \n\n\n<p>·dPTI livd in H midst v H grEt ·kAnzas prxIz, wiT uhkal ·NenrI, NM wuz a fRmD, n Ant ·em, NM wuz H fRmD'z wFf. Hx NQs wuz smYl, fP H lumbD t bild it NAd t bI kxId bF wAgan menI mFlz. Hx wX fP wYlz, a flP n a rMf, Nwic mEd wun rMm; n His rMm kantEnd a rustI lUkIh kUkstOv, a kubDd fP H diSiz, a tEbal, TrI P fP cxz, n H bedz. uhkal ·NenrI n Ant ·em NAd a big bed in wun kPnD, n ·dPTI a lital bed in anuHD kPnD. Hx wuz nO Atik At Yl, n nO selD - iksept a smYl NOl dug in H grQnd, kYld a sFklOn selD, Nwx H fAmlI kUd gO in kEs wun v HOz grEt NwXlwindz arOz, mFtI Inuf t kruS enI bildIh in its pAT. it wuz rIct bF a trAp dP in H midal v H flP, frum Nwic a lAdD led dQn intM H smYl, dRk NOl. \n\n<p>Nwen ·dPTI stUd in H dPwE n lUkt arQnd, SI kUd sI nuTIh but H grEt grE prxI on evrI sFd. not a trI nP a NQs brOk H brYd swIp v flAt kuntrI HAt rIct t H eJ v H skF in Yl dDekSanz. H sun NAd bEkt H plQd lAnd intM a grE mAs, wiT lital krAks runIh TrM it. Ivin H grAs wuz not grIn, fP H sun NAd bXnd H tops v H loh blEdz antil HE wX H sEm grE kulD t bI sIn evrIwx. wuns H NQs NAd bin pEntid, but H sun blistDd H pEnt n H rEnz woSt it awE, n nQ H NQs wuz Az dul n grE Az evrITIh els. \n\n<p>Nwen Ant ·em kEm Hx t liv SI wuz a juh, pritI wFf. H sun n wind NAd cEnJd NX, tM. HE NAd tEkin H spRkal frum NX Fz n left Hem a sObD grE; HE NAd tEkin H red frum NX cIks n lips, n HE wX grE YlsO. SI wuz Tin n gYnt, n nevD smFld nQ. Nwen ·dPTI, NM wuz an Pfin, fXst kEm t NX, Ant ·em NAd bin sO stRtald bF H cFld'z lAftD HAt SI wUd skrIm n pres NX NAnd apon NX NRt NwenevD ·dPTI'z mxI vqs rIct NX Cz; n SI stil lUkt At H lital gXl wiT wundD HAt SI kUd fFnd enITIh t lAf At. \n\n<p>uhkal ·NenrI nevD lAft. NI wXkt NRd frum mPnIh til nFt n did not nO Nwut Jq wuz. NI wuz grE YlsO, frum Niz loh bCd t Niz ruf bMts, n NI lUkt stXn n solam, n rxlI spOk. \n\n<p>it wuz ·tOtO HAt mEd ·dPTI lAf, n sEvd NX frum grOIh Az grE Az NX uHD sDQndIhz. ·tOtO wuz not grE; NI wuz a lital blAk dYg, wiT loh silkI Nx n smYl blAk Fz HAt twIhkuld mxalI on IHD sFd v Niz funI, wI nOz. ·tOtO plEd Yl dE loh, n ·dPTI plEd wiT Nim, n luvd Nim dClI. \n\n<p>tadE, NQevD, HE wX not plEIh. uhkal ·NenrI sAt apon H dPstep n lUkt AhkSaslI At H skF, Nwic wuz Ivin grED Hen VZMal. ·dPTI stUd in H dP wiT ·tOtO in NX Rmz, n lUkt At H skF tM. Ant ·em wuz woSIh H diSiz. \n\n<p>frum H fR nPT HE NXd a lO wEl v H wind, n uhkal ·NenrI n ·dPTI kUd sI Nwx H loh grAs bQd in wEvz bIfP H kumIh stPm. Hx nQ kEm a SRp NwislIh in H x frum H sQT, n Az HE tXnd Hx Fz HAt wE HE sY ripalz in H grAs kumIh frum HAt dDekSan YlsO. \n\n<p>sudanlI uhkal ·NenrI stUd up. \n\n<p>"Hx'z a sFklOn kumIh, ·em," NI kYld t Niz wFf. "F'l gO lUk AftD H stok." Hen NI rAn tPd H Sedz Nwx H kQz n NPsiz wX kept. \n\n<p>Ant ·em dropt NX wXk n kEm t H dP. wun glAns tOld NX v H dEnJD klOs At NAnd. \n\n <p>"kwik, ·dPTI!" SI skrImd. "run fP H selD!" \n\n <p> ·tOtO Jumpt Qt v ·dPTI'z Rmz n Nid undD H bed, n H gXl stRtid t get Nim. Ant ·em, bAdlI frFtind, TrM Opin H trAp dP in H flP n klFmd dQn H lAdD intM H smYl, dRk NOl. ·dPTI kYt ·tOtO At lAst n stRtid t folO NX Ant. Nwen SI wuz NAfwE akros H rMm Hx kEm a grEt SrIk frum H wind, n H NQs SUk sO NRd HAt SI lYst NX fUtIh n sAt dQn sudanlI apon H flP. \n\n <p> Hen a strEnJ TIh NApind. \n\n <p> H NQs NwXld arQnd tM P TrI tFmz n rOz slOlI TrM H x. ·dPTI felt Az if SI wX gOIh up in a balMn. \n\n <p> H nPT n sQT windz met Nwx H NQs stUd, n mEd it H igzAkt sentD v H sFklOn. in H midal v a sFklOn H x iz JenDalI stil, but H grEt preSD v H wind on evrI sFd v H NQs rEzd it up NFD n NFD, antil it wuz At H vxI top v H sFklOn; n Hx it rimEnd n wuz kxId mFlz n mFlz awE Az IzilI Az V kUd kxI a feHD. \n\n <p> it wuz vxI dRk, n H wind NQld NPiblI arQnd NX, but ·dPTI fQnd SI wuz rFdIh kwFt IzilI. AftD H fXst fV NwXlz arQnd, n wun uHD tFm Nwen H NQs tipt bAdlI, SI felt Az if SI wX bIIh rokt JentlI, lFk a bEbI in a krEdal. \n\n <p> ·tOtO did not lFk it. NI rAn abQt H rMm, nQ NC, nQ Hx, bRkIh lQdlI; but ·dPTI sAt kwFt stil on H flP n wEtid t sI Nwut wUd NApin. \n\n<p> wuns ·tOtO got tM nC H Opin trAp dP, n fel in; n At fXst H lital gXl TYt SI NAd lYst Nim. but sMn SI sY wun v Niz Cz stikIh up TrM H NOl, fP H strYh preSD v H x wuz kIpIh Nim up sO HAt NI kUd not fYl. SI krept t H NOl, kYt ·tOtO bF H C, n drAgd Nim intM H rMm agen, AftDwDd klOzIh H trAp dP sO HAt nO mP Aksidints kUd NApin. \n\n <p> QD AftD QD pAst awE, n slOlI ·dPTI got OvD NX frFt; but SI felt kwFt lOnlI, n H wind SrIkt sO lQdlI Yl abQt NX HAt SI nClI bIkEm def. At fXst SI NAd wundDd if SI wUd bI dASt t pIsiz Nwen H NQs fel agen; but Az H QDz pAst n nuTIh txibal NApind, SI stopt wXIIh n rIzolvd t wEt kymlI n sI Nwut H fVcD wUd brIh. At lAst SI krYld OvD H swEIh flP t NX bed, n lE dQn apon it; n ·tOtO folOd n lE dQn bIsFd NX. \n\n <p> in spFt v H swEIh v H NQs n H wElIh v H wind, ·dPTI sMn klOzd NX Fz n fel fAst aslIp.\n</font>\n</html>\n\nThe entire text of TheWizardOfOz can be found along with pictures in the pdf file I created and placed on the YahooShawAlphabetGroup.\n
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@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;g@@\nGag has the sound of the letter 'g' in the words: gag, gallblader, golf, and go.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt is easy to learn because it looks like the lower-case letter 'G'.\n\n''Practice''\n "Why?" asked the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@irl.\n\n "Because you wear silver shoes and have killed the Wicked Witch.\nBesides, you have white in your frock, and only witches and sorceresses\nwear white."\n\n "My dress is blue and white checked," said Dorothy, smoothin@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@\nout the wrinkles in it.\n\n "It is kind of you to wear that," said Boq. "Blue is the\ncolor of the Munchkins, and white is the witch color. So we know\nyou are a friendly witch."\n\n Dorothy did not know what to say to this, for all the people\nseemed to think her a witch, and she knew very well she was only\nan ordinary little @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@irl who had come by the chance of a cyclone\ninto a strange land.\n\n When she had tired watchin@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@ the dancin@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@, Boq led her into\nthe house, where he gave her a room with a pretty bed in it.\nThe sheets were made of blue cloth, and Dorothy slept soundly in\nthem till mornin@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@, with Toto curled up on the blue ru@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@ beside her.
Irish playwright who won both a Nobel Prize and an Oscar (the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1925, and the Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay in 1938 for Pygmalion).\n\nHe wrote his works using PitmanShorthand, and desired that the English language have a better alphabet. His will left instructions for much of the procedes from his works to be used to create and publicize a new alphabet. Due to litigation, only a tiny fraction of what he intended of his estate was used for this purpose.
|Traditional|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;h@@|Corrected|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;N@@|\n\nHa-Ha is the 'H' sound found in words like: happy, hippos, harry, and horror. Sometimes Ha-Ha is referred to as the [[aspirate]].\n\nHa-Ha has different simbols in the TraditionalShaw and CorrectedShaw alphabets because of the HungHa-HaControversy.
If one looks at the first two rows of the AlphabetTable, one can see a pattern in the sounds and characters. On the top row are all of the TallCharacters and on the second row are all the DeepCharacters. From the first 8 characters, we can also see that the characters on the 2nd row are the [[voiced]] versions of the [[unvoiced]] characters on the top row.\n\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ |\n| [[Peep]] | [[Tot]] | [[Kick]] | [[Fee]] | [[THigh]] | [[So]] | [[Sure]] | [[CHurCH]] | [[Yea]] | [[huNG]] |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ |\n| [[Bib]] | [[Dead]] | [[Gag]] | [[Vow]] | [[THey]] | [[Zoo]] | [[meaSure]] | [[Judge]] | [[Woe]] | [[Ha-Ha]] |\n\nWhen we get to the 9th character, things start to change. [[Yea]] and [[Woe]] both represent voiced characters. Since neither of them has an [[unvoiced]] equivalent, it's easy to overlook breaking the pattern by pairing these two together. But the 10th character pair is what causes some controversy.\n\nThe sounds of [[Ha-Ha]] and [[huNG]] are not voiced and unvoiced versions of each other either. And like [[Yea]] and [[Woe]], neither of them has such a partner, so we can easily understand pairing them together. The problem is that [[Ha-Ha]] is clearly unvoiced, while [[huNG]] is clearly [[voiced]], so our pattern of tall letters being [[unvoiced]] and deep letters being [[voiced]] is broken once again; and needlessly so.\n\nWhy [[Ha-Ha]] was made a deep character while [[huNG]] was made tall, we may never know. Perhaps it was an error that occurred in the printing of Androcles and the Lion. I like to think so. What we do know is that should one desire to "fix" this, it's as easy as swapping the names of the two characters: @@font-family:lionspaw;N@@ becomes [[Ha-Ha]], and @@font-family:lionspaw;h@@ becomes [[huNG]]\n\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;f@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;c@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ |\n| [[Peep]] | [[Tot]] | [[Kick]] | [[Fee]] | [[THigh]] | [[So]] | [[Sure]] | [[CHurCH]] | [[Yea]] | [[Ha-Ha]] |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;b@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;d@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;g@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ |\n| [[Bib]] | [[Dead]] | [[Gag]] | [[Vow]] | [[THey]] | [[Zoo]] | [[meaSure]] | [[Judge]] | [[Woe]] | [[huNG]] |\n\nApart from the appeal of maintaining the voiced/unvoiced pattern a well as possible, this switch has another benefit. @@font-family:lionspaw;N@@, being a tall character, is similar to its roman equivalent h. Likewise, @@font-family:lionspaw;h@@, a deep character is similar to the letter g, which is used in writing its roman counterpart, ng. These similarities may make learning these two characters easier.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;W@@\nIan is pronounced like the vowels in the name Ian, and the last part of the word Carribean (not all pronunciations).\n\nThere is some confusion over wether this is a combination of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;i@@ ([[If]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ ([[Ado]]), or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ ([[EAt]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ ([[Ado]]). It sounds like the latter to me, but looks like the former. Furthermore, I'm not sure if the first combination of sounds really exists in modern English.\n\nI think it's possible that the character @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ was just simplified so that Ian could be written with fewer strokes of the pen. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ requires 3 strokes, which is the largest number required by any of the characters. I think KingsleyRead was concerned with writing speed, so he would have wanted to keep this character under 4 pen strokes.\n\nI imagine that the first stroke of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ is continued all the way to the bottom, the second stroke is connected to the next letter, and the third is abandoned.
The ING sound in words such as sing, fishing, and wing is always spelled [ [[If]] + [[huNG]] ]. I think this is not really correct as I think it would yield the sound of the words in, sin, and singed; but with the [[huNG]] sound at the end.\n\nI think the sound is more accurately represented as [ [[EAt]] + [[huNG]] ]. Consider the following:\nbee + NG = bing\nsee + NG = sing\nbree + NG = bring\n\nMerriam Webster defines the ING sound as [ [[If]] + [[huNG]] ] or their MW equivalents, so I'll stick to this convention even if I think it's innacurate. Perhaps the vowel sound of ING is really more of an intermediate between [[If]] and [[EAt]], in which case either one is just as reasonable as the other.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;F@@\nIce has the sound of the word eye; the letter 'i' in the words lice, and rice; and the letter 'y' in the words pyre and lyre.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks like a big fat curvy ice pick.\n\n''Practice''\n Toward evening, when Dorothy was t@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@red with her long walk and\nbegan to wonder where she should pass the n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@ght, she came to a\nhouse rather larger than the rest. On the green lawn before it\nmany men and women were dancing. F@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@ve little fiddlers played as\nloudly as possible, and the people were laughing and singing,\nwhile a big table near by was loaded with delicious fruits and\nnuts, p@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@s and cakes, and many other good things to eat.\n\n The people greeted Dorothy k@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@ndly, and inv@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@ted her to supper and\nto pass the n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;F@@ght with them; for this was the home of one of the\nrichest Munchkins in the land, and his friends were gathered with\nhim to celebrate their freedom from the bondage of the Wicked Witch.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;i@@\nIf has the sound of the letter 'i' in the words: if, it, income, gambit, and nitpick. Many words that end in 'ed' are also pronounce with the if sound or at least with the [[schwi]] sound, which is missing from the ShawAlphabet. For example: parted, started, and farted all end with this sound.\n\nSince [[If]] is so close to the [[schwi]] sound as to be practically indistinguishable, use [[If]] for the [[schwi]] sound.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;J@@\nJudge has the sound represented by the letters j and G in the words: jail, gaol, jerk, judge, and George.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nWith of bit of imagination, this letter does look like the cursive capitol J. I like to picture it with a powdered wig on also.\n\n''Practice''\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@udicial review is the power of a court to review a law or an official act of a government employee or a@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@ent for constitutionality or for the violation of basic principles of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@ustice. In many @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;J@@urisdictions, the court has the power to strike down that law, to overturn the executive act, or order a public official to act in a certain manner if it believes the law or act to be unconstitutional or to be contrary to law in a free and democratic society. In some, such as Scotland and also England, the power goes further, and it may be possible to strike down a decision simply because it ignored relevant and material facts.\n
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;k@@\nKick is pronounced like the letters 'c' and 'k' in the words, cake, coffee, carrots, kona, and candy.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nKick is a pretty easy letter to learn because it looks a bit like a cross between 'k' and 'c'.\n\n''Practice''\n Dorothy lived in the midst of the great @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ansas prairies, with\nUn@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@le Henry, who was a farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's\nwife. Their house was small, for the lumber to build it had to be\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@arried by wagon many miles. There were four walls, a floor and a\nroof, which made one room; and this room @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ontained a rusty loo@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ing\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@oo@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@stove, a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@upboard for the dishes, a table, three or four\nchairs, and the beds. Un@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@le Henry and Aunt Em had a big bed in\none @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@orner, and Dorothy a little bed in another @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@orner. There was\nno garret at all, and no cellar- -e@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@cept a small hole dug in the\nground, called a cy@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@lone cellar, where the family could go in @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ase\none of those great whirlwinds arose, mighty enough to @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@rush any\nbuilding in its path. It was reached by a trap door in the middle\nof the floor, from which a ladder led down into the small, dar@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ hole.\n\n When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around, she @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ould\nsee nothing but the great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree\nnor a house bro@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@e the broad sweep of flat @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ountry that reached to\nthe edge of the s@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@y in all dire@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@tions. The sun had ba@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ed the\nplowed land into a gray mass, with little @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@ra@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@s running through it.\nEven the grass was not green, for the sun had burned the tops of\nthe long blades until they were the same gray @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;k@@olor to be seen\neverywhere. Once the house had been painted, but the sun\nblistered the paint and the rains washed it away, and now the\nhouse was as dull and gray as everything else.
Ronald Kingsley Read (February 19, 1887 – February ??, 1975) was the winner of a contest with over four hundred entries for the design of the Shaw alphabet, a completely new alphabet intended for writing English and totally separate from the Roman alphabet. In 1966, after extensive testing of the Shaw alphabet with English speakers from around the world, Read introduced Quikscript, a revised form of his Shaw alphabet. Quikscript, which is also known as the "Read alphabet", has more ligatures than the Shaw alphabet which makes it easier to write by hand. Its appearance is more cursive than Shaw.\n\nShortly before his death, he introduced a new script called Readspel, based, probably for increased chances of popular acceptance, on the existing standard roman alphabet.
Latin is an ancient ~Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome.\n\nLatin gained wide currency as the formal language of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, and was also later adopted by medieval scholars, as well as the Catholic Church. An inflectional and synthetic language, Latin relies little on word order, conveying syntax through a system of affixes attached to word stems. The Latin alphabet, derived from that of the Etruscans and Greeks, remains the most widely used alphabet in the world.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;l@@\nLoll has the the sound of the letter 'L' in the words: laugh, look, and lazy.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks like a rolled up letter, or a lolled up retter.
ShawAlphabet\n[[Rules]]\n[[Punctuation]]\n[[Fonts|Viewing Shaw Characters]]\n[[Keyboards|keyboards]]\n[[Reading Practice|First Chapter of The Wizard of Oz]]\nAboutThisFile\n[[Copyright]]\n\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;brYt t V bF,@@\n[img[Edward J Shapard|initials.gif]]
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;m@@\nMime has the sound of the letter 'm' in the words: mime, time, rhyme, lime, and moon.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;n@@\nNun has the sound of the letter 'n' in the words: nun, none, no, and never.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;O@@\nOak has the sound of the vowels in the words: oak, soak, broke, and choke\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt is easy to remember because it looks like the letter O. Just think of the musical, Oklahoma and you'll be OK.\n\n''Practice''\nThis one looks so much like the letter O, that it would be pointless to show it mixed in with the roman alphabet .
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;M@@\nOoze sounds like the vowels in the words: lose, too, and blew.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI think it looks like a volcano and lava might start oozing out of it at any moment.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;P@@\nOr has the sound of the word or. It is used when the sounds of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Y@@ ([[AWE]]) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ ([[Roar]]) are combined. It also looks like the combination of the characters.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;Q@@\nOut has the sound of the vowels in the words: out, sound, and vow.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;q@@\nOil has the sound of the vowels in the words: oil, boy, and toy.\n\n''Practice''\n "Get an @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@l-can and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@l my joints," he answered. "They are\nrusted so badly that I cannot move them at all; if I am well @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@led\nI shall soon be all right again. You will find an @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@l-can on a\nshelf in my cottage."\n\n Dorothy at once ran back to the cottage and found the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@l-can,\nand then she returned and asked anxiously, "Where are your j@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@nts?"\n\n "@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@l my neck, first," replied the Tin Woodman. So she @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;q@@led it,\nand as it was quite badly rusted the Scarecrow took hold of the tin\nhead and moved it gently from side to side until it worked freely,\nand then the man could turn it himself.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;o@@\nOn has the sound of the letter 'o' in the words: on, cot, bother, cod, and collar.\n\nThis one is tricky. Below is an exerpt from the Merriam-Webster pronunciation guide for their pronunciation symbol, \sä\s which is the equivalent of 'on'. As you can see, Most America speakers have merged this sound with the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;y@@ ([[AH]]).\n\n[[On]] is pronounced with a shorter duration than [[AH]], and as I've heard it pronounced in America, [[AH]] has a breathier tone as if combined with a little bit of the 'h' sound as in "Father". Of course, accent vary and yours may not distinguish between these two sounds. In general it seems that words traditionally spelled with an A are [[AH]] words, while those spelled with 'O" are On words. On may or may not have more lip rounding than [[AH]], and it always has less than [[AWE]].\n\n[[AWE]] is pronounced with more rounding of the lips and words that have the [[AWE]] sound are sometimes spelled with an 'aw', 'au', or 'augh' traditionally. For example, caught, and claw, are [[AWE]] words.\n\nThere is also a merger of the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;o@@ (On) and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Y@@ ([[AWE]]) in many dialects in North America. This is referred to as the [[cot-caught merger]]. Merriam Webster describes the awe sound as \so\s.\n\nFrom [[Merriam-Webster|http://www.m-w.com]] © 2006\n<<<\n\sä\s\nas in bother, cot, and, with most American speakers, father, cart. The symbol \sä\s represents the vowel of cot, cod, and the stressed vowel of collar in the speech of those who pronounce this vowel differently from the vowel in caught, cawed, and caller, represented by \so\s. In U.S. speech \sä\s is pronounced with little or no rounding of the lips, and it is fairly long in duration, especially before voiced consonants. In southern England \sä\s is usually accompanied by some lip rounding and is relatively short in duration. The vowel \so\s generally has appreciable lip rounding. Some U.S. speakers (a perhaps growing minority) do not distinguish between cot-caught, cod-cawed, and collar-caller, usually because they lack or have less lip rounding in the words transcribed with \so\s. Though the symbols \sä\s and \so\s are used throughout this dictionary to distinguish the members of the above pairs and similar words, the speakers who rhyme these pairs will automatically reproduce a sound that is consistent with their own speech.\n<<<\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks like the path you might take if you were to hop on the next stair down if you were standing on a staircase. Hop and On both have the correct vowel sound.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;p@@\n\nPeep is pronounced like the letter 'p' in: penguins, pineapple, pear, and pony.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nPeep looks a little like a shepherd's hook, and that reminds me of sheep and little Bo Peep. It also looks like a penguin's back if the penguin were facing the left side of the screen.\n\n''Practice''\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@eo@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@le like @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ractically all ty@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@es of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@izza. I es@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ecially like @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@inea@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@le @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@izza with @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@e@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ers and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@imientos. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@erha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@s @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@izza is not for you. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@erha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@s you would @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@refer a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@ortion of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;p@@orridge.
Use the same punctuation symbols with the Shaw alphabet that you normally use, but use a namer dot ( @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;/@@ ) in front of names.\n\nThe [[Unicode]] character 00B7 works well as a namer dot. In non-unicode fonts, the namer dot is usually mapped to the forward slash "/" character.
The QWERTY keyboard layout is the most common modern-day keyboard layout on English-language computer and typewriter keyboards. It takes its name from the first six letters seen in the keyboard's top first row of letters. The QWERTY design was patented by Christopher Sholes in 1868 and sold to Remington in 1873, when it first appeared in typewriters. The QWERTY keyboard is also a commonly used nickname for name the English language keyboard.\n\nThe QWERTY keyboard layout was devised in the 1860s by Christopher Sholes, a newspaper editor who lived in Milwaukee. Originally, the characters on the typewriters he invented were arranged alphabetically, set on the end of a metal bar which struck the paper when its key was pressed. However, once an operator had learned to type at speed, the bars attached to letters that lay close together on the keyboard became entangled with one another, forcing the typist to manually unstick the typebars, and also frequently blotting the document. Sholes solved the jamming problem by separating common sequences of letters in English. Pairs of keys that are frequently struck in succession were placed as far from each other as possible, so that the hammers that were likely to be used in quick succession were less likely to interfere with each other.\n\nThe home row (ASDFGHJKL) of the QWERTY layout is thought to be a remnant of the old alphabetical layout that QWERTY replaced. QWERTY also attempted to alternate keys between hands, allowing one hand to move into position while the other hand strikes a key. This sped up both the original double-handed hunt-and-peck technique and the later touch typing technique; however, single-handed words such as stewardesses, lollipop and monopoly show flaws in the alternation. In fact, thousands of English words are spelled using only the left hand.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;r@@\nRoar has the sound of 'r' in the words: roar, railroad, and razor.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI think it looks like a lion's mouth roaring. But the lion has to be facing left. He's a leftward lion, so remember that leftward lions roar!
!!Rules of Shaw Spelling\n#[[Up]] is just the stressed form of [[Ado]]. Similarly, [[ERR]] is just the stressed form of [[ARray]].\n#[[Ligatures|ligatures]] cannot straddle a [[syllable break]]. If the letter components of a [[ligature|ligatures]] are to be pronounced in different [[syllables|syllable]], they must be written in their un-ligated form.\n#Wherever two letters in the same [[syllable]] can be replaced by a [[ligature|ligatures]], they should be.\n#Possessive forms of words ending in @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@, should be spelled ending in @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;'z@@ or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;'s@@ and not with a vowel included such as @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;'az@@ or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;'iz@@. The apostrophe often stands for missing letters, and we will let it do so in this case as well. This also allows us to neatly avoid choosing a vowel sound, allowing for regional variations in pronunciation.\n#Initialisms are better left to the roman alphabet just as we sometimes use the old roman numerals despite having adopted arabic ones. Acronyms can be written in Shaw without issue as they are words and not initials. Nato, laser, and scuba are acronyms. FBI, TCP/IP, and RSVP are initialisms.\n#Namer dots are used before names in place of capitalization.\n#This one is only a rule of thumb. [[AH]] and [[On]] have a tendency to become the [[AWE]] sound when before the [[Loll]] sound as in the words; all, ball, always, and fall. The sound combinations; [[AH]]+[[Loll]] and [[On]]+[[Loll]] do exist in words such as 'baal' and 'politics', but are comparatively rare.\n#Use the letter [[If]] for the [[schwi]] sound and not the letter [[Ado]].\n#Always spell out vowel sounds. Do not leave them unspelled and merely suggested. For example, if I wanted to spell the word 'letter', I would not end it with 'tr' as in 'lettr'. The 'tr' combination has no vowel sound (e.g. 'try'), but the end of the word 'letter' definitely does. \n\n''Disclaimer:'' These rules all make perfect sense to me, and are in my opinion, completely justified by the nature and structure of the ShawAlphabet, and my own infallable common sense. Nonetheless, you will find many of these rules repeatedly broken by less intelligent people on the internet.
The Shavorak keyboard layout was created by Russell (feral primate) of the yahoo shaw alphabet group. He based it on the [[Dvorak]] layout. all the vowels are on the left side with the consonants on the right. Some characters are accessed with the shift key. \n\nHere's the Shavorak layout with some minor changes by me. Letters on the right are shifted unless the table gets scrunched up too much, then they will appear on the bottom of each key.\n<html>\n<table style="font-family:lionspaw"><COLGROUP span="30" width="*">\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=2>` \s</td>\n<td colspan=2>1 !</td>\n<td colspan=2>2 @</td>\n<td colspan=2>3 #</td>\n<td colspan=2>4 $</td>\n<td colspan=2>5 %</td>\n<td colspan=2>6 ^</td>\n<td colspan=2>7 &</td>\n<td colspan=2>8 *</td>\n<td colspan=2>9 (</td>\n<td colspan=2>0 )</td>\n<td colspan=2>- _</td>\n<td colspan=2>= ?</td>\n<td colspan=2>, ;</td>\n<td colspan=2>bAk</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=3>tAb</td>\n<td colspan=2>o "</td>\n<td colspan=2>A '</td>\n<td colspan=2>I W</td>\n<td colspan=2>E /</td>\n<td colspan=2>F ~</td>\n<td colspan=2>f &lt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>g &gt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>k [</td>\n<td colspan=2>r ]</td>\n<td colspan=2>l {</td>\n<td colspan=2>p }</td>\n<td colspan=2>. :</td>\n<td colspan=3>&nbsp;</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=4>kAps</td>\n<td colspan=2>a D</td>\n<td colspan=2>O</td>\n<td colspan=2>e x</td>\n<td colspan=2>u X</td>\n<td colspan=2>i C</td>\n<td colspan=2>d J</td>\n<td colspan=2>N</td>\n<td colspan=2>t c</td>\n<td colspan=2>n h</td>\n<td colspan=2>s S</td>\n<td colspan=2>H T</td>\n<td colspan=4>entD</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=5>Sift</td>\n<td colspan=2>Q q</td>\n<td colspan=2>M V</td>\n<td colspan=2>y R</td>\n<td colspan=2>Y P</td>\n<td colspan=2>U</td>\n<td colspan=2>b</td>\n<td colspan=2>m |</td>\n<td colspan=2>w j</td>\n<td colspan=2>v +</td>\n<td colspan=2>z Z</td>\n<td colspan=5>Sift</>\n</table>\n</html>\nThe original layout can be found on the yahoo shaw alphabet group. I've moved some punctuation to the previously empty shift positions above the left hand. For example, the [[namer dot]] is now above the left index finger instead of replacing the grave character (`). I've also left the forward slash out entirely since it is on the number pad. Russell had replaced the equal sign with the forwards slash.\n\nIf you use a [[font|Viewing Shaw Characters]] like lionspaw instead of a [[unicode]] font, you will most likely lose the forward slash altogether, as it is used for the [[namer dot]] in most of those fonts.
Here's the way the Lionspaw [[font|Viewing Shaw Characters]] and most fonts of its kind are mapped to the [[Qwerty]] keyboard. Letters on the right are shifted unless the table gets scrunched up too much, then they will appear on the bottom of each key.\n\n<html>\n<table style="font-family:lionspaw"><COLGROUP span="30" width="*">\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=2>` ~</td>\n<td colspan=2>1 !</td>\n<td colspan=2>2 @</td>\n<td colspan=2>3 #</td>\n<td colspan=2>4 $</td>\n<td colspan=2>5 %</td>\n<td colspan=2>6 ^</td>\n<td colspan=2>7 &</td>\n<td colspan=2>8 *</td>\n<td colspan=2>9 (</td>\n<td colspan=2>0 )</td>\n<td colspan=2>-_</td>\n<td colspan=2>=+</td>\n<td colspan=2>\s |</td>\n<td colspan=2>bAk</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=3>tAb</td>\n<td colspan=2>q Q</td>\n<td colspan=2>w W</td>\n<td colspan=2>e E</td>\n<td colspan=2>r R</td>\n<td colspan=2>t T</td>\n<td colspan=2>y Y</td>\n<td colspan=2>u U</td>\n<td colspan=2>i I</td>\n<td colspan=2>o O</td>\n<td colspan=2>p P</td>\n<td colspan=2>[ {</td>\n<td colspan=2>] }</td>\n<td colspan=3>&nbsp;</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=4>kAps</td>\n<td colspan=2>a A</td>\n<td colspan=2>s S</td>\n<td colspan=2>d D</td>\n<td colspan=2>f F</td>\n<td colspan=2>g</td>\n<td colspan=2>h H</td>\n<td colspan=2>j J</td>\n<td colspan=2>k</td>\n<td colspan=2>l</td>\n<td colspan=2>; :</td>\n<td colspan=2>' "</td>\n<td colspan=4>entD</td>\n</tr>\n<tr align="center">\n<td colspan=5>Sift</td>\n<td colspan=2>z Z</td>\n<td colspan=2>x X</td>\n<td colspan=2>c C</td>\n<td colspan=2>v V</td>\n<td colspan=2>b</td>\n<td colspan=2>n N</td>\n<td colspan=2>m M</td>\n<td colspan=2>, &lt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>. &gt;</td>\n<td colspan=2>/ ?</td>\n<td colspan=5>Sift</>\n</table>\n</html>
Don't see any Shaw characters? See [[Viewing Shaw Characters]]\n\nThe TraditionalShaw alphabet was published in [[Androcles and the Lion]] and is the alphabet you will see published elsewhere. Because of the HungHa-HaControversy and AirErrControversy, I have included what I call the CorrectedShaw alphabet, which I believe to be the original Shaw alphabet as designed by its creators.\n\nThe CorrectedShaw alphabet switches the representations and placements of the [[Ha-Ha]] and [[huNG]] characters and the names of the [[AIR]] and [[ERR]] characters.\n\n<<tabs txtFavourite\nTraditional "Traditional Shaw Alphabet" TraditionalShaw\nCorrected "Corrected Shaw Alphabet" CorrectedShaw\n>>\n\nThere are no capitals in the Shaw alphabet. To signify a name, use a namer dot before it as in: @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;/JPJ@@ (George).\n\nAbbreviations:\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;t@@ = to\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;v@@ = of\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;H@@ = the\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;n@@ = and\n\nSee [[Rules]].\n\nSee: ComputerizedTransliteration
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The Shaw Alphabet
[<img[The Shaw Alphabet|shaw.png]] &nbsp; @@font-family:lionspaw;H /Sy Alfabet@@
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;s@@\nSo has the sound of the letter 's' in the words: sorry, sincere, and sappy; and the letter 'c' in the words: circle, circus, and center.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt is easy to learn because it looks so much like the letter 'S'.\n\n''Practice''\n When these people drew near the house where Dorothy was\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@tanding in the doorway, they paused and whispered among them@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@elves,\nas if afraid to come farther. But the little old woman walked up\nto Dorothy, made a low bow and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@aid, in a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@weet voice:\n\n "You are welcome, most noble @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@or@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ere@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@, to the land of the Munchkins.\nWe are @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@o grateful to you for having killed the Wicked Witch of the East,\nand for @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@etting our people free from bondage."\n\n Dorothy li@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ened to thi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@peech with wonder. What could the\nlittle woman po@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ibly mean by calling her a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@or@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ere@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@, and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@aying\nshe had killed the Wicked Witch of the East? Dorothy was an inno@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ent,\nharmle@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@ little girl, who had been carried by a @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;s@@yclone many miles from home;\nand she had never killed anything in all her life.
.headerShadow {\n position: relative;\n padding: 0em 0em 0em 3em;\n left: -1px;\n top: -1px;\n}\n\n.headerForeground {\n position: absolute;\n padding: 0em 0em 0em 3em;\n left: 0px;\n top: 0px;\n}\n
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;S@@\nSure has the sound of the letter pair 'sh' in the words: sheep, and sheer; and 's' in the name Sean.\n\nSure is an [[unvoiced]] [[consonant]] that is similar to its [[voiced]] equivalent, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ (measure), which is represented as 'zh' in some [[phonetic]] spelling systems.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nPerhaps with some imagination, you can see this character as looking like the blades of a pair of sheep shears.\n\n''Practice''\nThe domestic @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep (Ovis aries), the most common species of the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep genus (Ovis), is a woolly ruminant quadruped which probably descends from the wild mouflon of south-central and south-west Asia. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep breeders refer to female @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep as ewes, intact males as rams, castrated males as wethers, yearlings as hoggets, and younger @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep as lambs. In @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep husbandry, a group of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;S@@eep is called a herd, flock or mob.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;H@@\nThey has the sound of the letter pair 'th' in the words: they, thou, heather, and leather.\n\nIt is the [[voiced]] equivalent of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ (thigh).\n\n*They is also short for the word 'the'.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt's probably easiest to remember that this is the voiced partner of thigh.\n\n''Practice''\n Dorothy leaned her chin upon her hand and gazed thoughtfully\nat @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ Scarecrow. Its head was a small sack stuffed with straw,\nwith eyes, nose, and mouth painted on it to represent a face.\nAn old, pointed blue hat, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@at had belonged to some Munchkin,\nwas perched on his head, and the rest of the figure was a blue suit\nof clothes, worn and faded, which had also been stuffed with straw.\nOn @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ feet were some old boots with blue tops, such as every man\nwore in this country, and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ figure was raised above @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ stalks\nof corn by means of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ pole stuck up its back.\n\n While Dorothy was looking earnestly into @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ queer, painted\nface of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ Scarecrow, she was surprised to see one of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ eyes\nslowly wink at her. She thought she must have been mistaken at first,\nfor none of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ scarecrows in Kansas ever wink; but presently @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@\nfigure nodded its head to her in a friendly way. Then she climbed\ndown from @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ fence and walked up to it, while Toto ran around @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@\npole and barked.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;T@@\nThigh has the sound represented by the letter pair 'th' in the words: think, thing, therapy, and thoroughbred.\n\nIt is an [[unvoiced]] [[consonant]] and is the [[unvoiced]] equivalent of the [[voiced]] [[consonant]], @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;H@@ (They).\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI think the circle looks like a person's knee or maybe a garter belt, and the line above, the top of the person's ''thigh''.\n\n''Practice''\nThis is not a common sound, so here's a list of words.\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@erapy\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@row\n*wi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ickett\n*@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ing\n*Zara@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;T@@ustra
TO is an abbreviation for Traditional Orthography that shavian message board users like to use.\n\nThe orthography of a language is the set of symbols (glyphs and diacritics) used to write a language, as well as the set of rules describing how to write these glyphs, including spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. The term is derived from Greek ορθά ortha- ("correctly") and γράφειν graphein ("to write"). Orthography is distinct from [[typography]].
Tall Characters extend above the tops of all other characters. They are found in the first row of the AlphabetTable and are all [[consonants]].\n\nThe roman alphabet has tall letters too. Examples would be l,h,d,k, and b. See how they exted above the other letters in these words: hal hack bode\n\nCompare with DeepCharacters
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is among the most popular of American children's books. Over one-hundred years after it's fist publication, the story, if not the book, remains firmly entrenched in the American psyche. This book, I believe, is an ideal one for use as a training guide for the Shaw alphabet. It's language is simple and straightforward, and does not contain antique slang or word usage that might confuse a reader still struggling to master a new alphabet.\n\nI have transliterated The Wonderful Wizard of Oz into the Shaw alphabet using spellings based on the general American accent and the [[Rules]] of the Shaw alphabet as described in this document. Readers will not be annoyed by having to constantly change [[schwa]] into [[schwi]] as in [[Androcles and the Lion]], although readers who do not use [[schwi]] may be annoyed. The pdf file also contains pictures from the 1900 edition and can be found posted in the File/Texts section of the YahooShawAlphabetGroup.\n\nAnd for your reading practice, I will include the [[First Chapter of The Wizard of Oz]] right here in this document.
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@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;t@@\nTot is pronounced like the letter 't' in the words: top, take, terry, and tomato. It looks a exactly like the number 1 in many fonts.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nOther than the fact that tot looks vaguely like the leter T, I haven't come up with any mnemonics for this one.\n\n''Practice''\n It was @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o tha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ made Dorothy laugh, and saved her from\ngrowing as gray as her other surroundings. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o was not gray; he\nwas a li@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@le black dog, with long silky hair and small black eyes\ntha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@winkled merrily on either side of his funny, wee nose. @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o\nplayed all day long, and Dorothy played with him, and loved him dearly.\n\n @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@oday, however, they were no@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ playing. Uncle Henry sa@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ upon\nthe doors@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ep and looked anxiously a@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ the sky, which was even\ngrayer than usual. Dorothy s@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ood in the door with @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@o in her\narms, and looked at the sky @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@oo. Aunt Em was washing the dishes.\n\n From the far north they heard a low wail of the wind, and\nUncle Henry and Dorothy could see where the long grass bowed in\nwaves before the coming storm. There now came a sharp whistling\nin the air from the south, and as they @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@urned their eyes tha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ way\nthey saw ripples in the grass coming from tha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;t@@ direction also.
!!!Traditional Shaw Alphabet\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;p@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;t@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;k@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;f@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;T@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;s@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;S@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;c@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;j@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;N@@ |\n| [[Peep]] | [[Tot]] | [[Kick]] | [[Fee]] | [[THigh]] | [[So]] | [[Sure]] | [[CHurCH]] | [[Yea]] | [[huNG]]^^1^^ |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;b@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;d@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;g@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;v@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;H@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Z@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;J@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;w@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;h@@ |\n| [[Bib]] | [[Dead]] | [[Gag]] | [[Vow]] | [[THey]] | [[Zoo]] | [[meaSure]] | [[Judge]] | [[Woe]] | [[Ha-Ha]]^^1^^ |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;l@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;m@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;i@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;e@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;A@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;o@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;U@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Q@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;y@@ |\n| [[Loll]] | [[Mime]] | [[If]] | [[Egg]]^^2^^ | [[Ash]] | [[Ado]] | [[On]] | [[wOOl]] | [[OUt]] | [[AH]] |\n| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;n@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;I@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;E@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;F@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;O@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;M@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;q@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;Y@@ |\n| [[Roar]] | [[Nun]] | [[EAt]] | [[Age]] | [[Ice]] | [[Up]] | [[OAk]] | [[OOze]] | [[Oil]] | [[AWE]] |\n|| @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;R@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;P@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;X@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;x@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;D@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;C@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;W@@ | @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;V@@ ||\n|| [[ARE]] | [[OR]] | [[AIR]] | [[ERR]]^^3^^ | [[ARray]]^^4^^ | [[EAR]] | [[IAn]] | [[YEW]] ||\n\n#There is a HungHa-HaControversy\n#Egg is unfortunately named after a word that is pronounced by Americans with a sound other than the one intended by the authors. The intended sound is that of E in the name Edward.\n#There is also an AirErrControversy\n#Array is actually pronounced like the 'er' in the word manner
It's easy to change text spelled with the traditional system to the corrected system and back again. There is a unix program that does just this sort of thing. It's called TR and it translates characters for you. TR is found on unix like systems. Mac is based on bsd, so it may have it by default. There are also windows ports of these little command line utilities, so you should be able to find it for windows.\n\nTR expects two strings of characters. If I give it the strings: xXhN ~XxNh, it will translate all the x's into X's, X's into x's, h's into N's, and N's into h's. This will convert traditional shaw documents into corrected shaw or vice versa for files written for the non-unicode fonts.\n\nFor unicode fonts, you can do the same thing, but you will have to use the unicode characters instead of xXhN ~XxNh.\n\nTo do this from the command line, you have to send the file to TR with the < redirector. You can send the output to a file with the > redirector. You cannot send the output to the same file you are reading, or you'll end up with no data.\n\nExample:\n{{{\ntr xXhN XxNh < inputfile.txt > outputfile.txt\n}}}\n\nMaking this into a script will make it easier to use the unicode characters since you won't have to type them from the command line where you probably won't be able to see them displayed correctly. Here's a script you could use that takes two parameters: the infile and the outfile. leave out the first line, and replace the $'s with %'s and it should word as a windows command line batch file.\n{{{\n#!/bin/sh\ntr xXhN XxNh < $1 > $2\n}}}\n\nIf the command line isn't your thing, it's not hard to do a few search and replaces, but it will take longer.\n\nRight now there really isn't much to convert anyway, and you can always learn to read the traditional way and use the corrected alphabet for your own purposes. And as you read text in TraditionalShaw, you can chuckle to yourself with smug satisfaction everytime you come accross a deep [[Ha-Ha]] or an [[AIR]] joined at the top and think, "Oh, those silly shavians, they complain that [[TO]] is full of inconsistencies and absurdities made dogmatic by tradition, but they won't do anything about the glaringly obvious mistakes they cling to in their shavian tradition.... When will they ever learn? My, I'm feeling smug right now... Is Conan on yet?"
Unicode is a method of encoding almost all the characters of all the languages of the world. Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language. The Unicode Standard has been adopted by such industry leaders as Apple, HP, IBM, JustSystem, Microsoft, Oracle, SAP, Sun, Sybase, Unisys and many others. Unicode is required by modern standards such as XML, Java, ECMAScript (JavaScript), LDAP, CORBA 3.0, WML, etc., and is the official way to implement ISO/IEC 10646. It is supported in many operating systems, all modern browsers, and many other products. \n\nFor more information and for character charts see: http://www.unicode.org
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;u@@\nUp has the sound of the letter 'u' in the words: up, under, and cup\n\nUp has the same sound as @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ [[Ado]], but @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ (Up) is used when the sound is stressed, while @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ ([[Ado]])is used when the sound is unstressed.\n\nA useful mnemonic for @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;u@@ (Up) is that it looks like the number 7, as in the soft-drink, 7up.
In order to view the Shaw characters on this page, you will need to install the ''Lionspaw'' font. A zip file with the windows ttf font and mac sui font is embedded in this file here: [[lionspaw.zip]] (You may have to save to disk first in order to open the [[zip file|lionspaw.zip]]).\n\nYou can also find this font at http://www.saytheword.org.uk/shavian/fonts.html\n\nLionspaw replaces roman letters with Shaw ones. [[Unicode]] fonts allow both character sets to exist simultaneously, so are a better choice, but [[Unicode]] fonts are not as well supported. For example, windows 98 does not support them at all, and Windows 2000 has limited support.\n\nI chose Lionspaw because it's the font that shows the characters as they were intended instead of romanizing them. For example, the characters, Egg, Ash, Ado, and On should all look like one quarter of a circle, but most fonts make them look like lower case Rs and short J's.\n\nDo the Show characters look boxy, pixellated, or chuncky? If using windows, try enabling "Smooth edges of Screen Fonts" in the display properties. The roman alphabet has so many straight lines, that it looks OK without this setting, but the curved lines of shaw look horrible.\n\nFonts are designed for printing and most printers have a resolution of 300dpi. Screens have a resolution more like 75 dpi. That is why fonts look bad on the screen, but great when you print them, and why your computer needs to smooth them out to get rid of the bumps for you.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;v@@\nVow, has the sound of the letter 'v' in the words: vow, verry, volcano, and vixen.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter looks very much unlike the letter V.\n\n''Practice''\n She ate a hearty breakfast, and watched a wee Munchkin baby,\nwho played with Toto and pulled his tail and crowed and laughed in\na way that greatly amused Dorothy. Toto was a fine curiosity to\nall the people, for they had ne@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@er seen a dog before.\n\n "How far is it to the Emerald City?" the girl asked.\n\n "I do not know," answered Boq gravely, "for I have ne@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@er been\nthere. It is better for people to keep away from Oz, unless they\nhave business with him. But it is a long way to the Emerald City,\nand it will take you many days. The country here is rich and\npleasant, but you must pass through rough and dangerous places\nbefore you reach the end of your journey."\n\n This worried Dorothy a little, but she knew that only the\nGreat Oz could help her get to Kansas again, so she bra@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@ely\nresolved not to turn back.\n\n She bade her friends good-bye, and again started along the road\nof yellow brick. When she had gone se@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;v@@eral miles she thought she\nwould stop to rest, and so climbed to the top of the fence beside\nthe road and sat down. There was a great cornfield beyond the fence,\nand not far away she saw a Scarecrow, placed high on a pole to keep\nthe birds from the ripe corn.
The weak vowel merger (or ~Lennon-Lenin merger) is a phonemic merger of [[Ado]] ([[schwa]]) with unstressed [[If]] (sometimes written as /ɨ/, and occasionally called "[[schwi]]" by analogy with "[[schwa]]") in certain dialects of English. As a result of this merger the words abbot and rabbit rhyme; in accents without the merger they are distinct. \n\nMerriam Webster generally maintains this merger in their pronunciation guide.\n\nFor people with the distinction, [[schwi]] is used in words spelled with i or e in an unstressed syllable. In accents with the distinction, the -ible and -able endings are distinct as /ɨbəl/ and /əbəl/. Also the following words do not end the same way:\n\n*Lennon, Lenin\n*ribbon, cabin\n*carrot, merit\n*Rosa's, roses\n
http://webvocab.sourceforge.net/\n\nWebVocab is a simple utility to replace words in Firefox (Greasemonkey enabled) browsers with another, user-specified, word. It is intended as a vocabulary study tool/game.\n\nIf, for example, you are trying to learn your colors in Latin, WebVocab might replace all the instances of red in your web browser with the word RUFUS
Welcome to my little guide to learning the ShawAlphabet. I created this as an exercise to help me learn the alphabet myself, and as a place to keep my notes. Although it is for my personal benefit, I have written this guide to be read by others in hopes that it will be useful to them as well. My goal is to make this guide comprehensive enough that an average person can understand the correct pronunciation and use of each letter; something I found to be quite challenging, as well as poorly documented by all existing guides.\n\nThis guide uses TiddlyWiki, which I highly recommend, and can be edited by you to include your notes or corrections. See: AboutThisFile\n\nIf by some bizarre occurance, you are reading this and you don't know what the ShawAlphabet is, then see: WhatIsTheShawAlphabet and WhyLearnTheShawAlphabet.\n\nIf you are ready to start learning how to read the alphabet, see the ShawAlphabet article and click on each of the letters. Once you have learned the letters and had some practice reading them, you will want to learn about some of the [[Rules]]. This guide is not intended to be read completely, or in a linear fashion, so go wherever your fancy (as well as the links) takes you, and good luck.\n\nSincerely,\nEdwardShapard
The ShawAlphabet is a modern alphabet for the English language. It was created mainly by KingsleyRead, but many elements came from others. It features 48 letters organized into an AlphabetTable that features a logical organization and apealing symetry.\n\nGeorgeBernardShaw stipulated in his will that a contest should be held to create a new alphabet for the English language. After Shaw's death, the contest was held and the ShawAlphabet was created by combining elements of the winning alphabets.\n\nThe ShawAlphabet is phonetic, and each letter has only one sound. Because the traditional alphabet uses multiple letters for single sounds and contains many silent letters, and the ShawAlphabet does not, text in the ShawAlphabet tends to be 2/3 as long. Thus, the ShawAlphabet is like a short-hand compared to traditional spelling.
For most people, there really isn't a compelling reason to learn the ShawAlphabet. Certainly, it works well as a method of cryptography, and as a comparatively easy to learn short-hand, but how often do you feel a need to use either of those? I do quite like the idea of being able to read and write things that no one else can, so there is some appeal (however impractical) to the ShawAlphabet. And if I were in school and needed to take hand-written notes, I would have a use for it's short-hand aspect (Shaw script tends to be about 2/3 as long). What attracts me to the ShawAlphabet is that it's just a better alternative, and I get to feel superior for knowing it.\n\nThe ShawAlphabet is phonetic; you can produce reliably understandable speech by following the sounds of the letters and nothing else. It is true that the ShawAlphabet is not explicit when it comes to signifying which syllable receives what accent in a word, but it does allow us to give clues quite often. Each letter in the ShawAlphabet has one and only one sound, so once one has learned the sounds, one does not have to learn complicated rules for pronouncing alternate sounds, nor does one have to learn any strange spelling exceptions. The ShawAlphabet was created to correct the difficulties of the traditional English alphabet, and is therefore, superior to it.\n\nLearning the ShawAlphabet exercises one's brain. Learning it gives one insight into English phonetics and spelling, and may lead one to persue knowledge of the history of the English language and its many regional variations. Knowing the ShawAlphabet gives one the ability to make sense of a neat looking text that would bewilder one's peers. There is a sense of satisfaction gained by putting in the effort to learn a superior way of spelling that few others have ever considered. Though it may sound egotistical, I do enjoy a sense of slight superiority in having learned the ShawAlphabet, as if it puts me in a special and select group of people who do not just blindly accept the oppresive yoke of tradition, but instead, have broken away from the herd of sheep-like men, and sought out a superior system.\n\nTradition is a powerful force among people. It exerts a force on us that compels us to accept and never question such inefficient oddities as the querty keyboard; our spelling and language traditions; and a whole slew of laws, social mores, and religious and moral ideas that have been indoctrinated in us since we were unquestioning and suggestable infants. If questioning and resisting the hegemony of tradition apeals to you, then the ShawAlphabet will as well. It is a challenge to learn and master, but if nothing else, it is an excellent excercise for the brain.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;w@@\nWoe has the sound represented by 'w' in the words: woe, vowel, towel, wind, and wonder.\n\nMany dialects use a combination of the sounds of Ha-Ha and Woe in words such as: whale, white, and whether. This sound is represented by the combination of shaw letters: @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;hw@@ (traditional) or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Nw@@ (corrected).\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI suppose you could associate this letter with the forward slash found in URLs. Then it would remind you of the ~WWWs\n\n''Practice''\n Folklore, legends, myths and fairy tales have followed childhood\nthrough the ages, for every healthy youngster has a wholesome and\ninstinctive love for stories fantastic, marvelous and manifestly unreal.\nThe @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@inged fairies of Grimm and Andersen have brought more happiness to\nchildish hearts than all other human creations.\n\n Yet the old time fairy tale, having served for generations,\nmay now be classed as "historical" in the children's library; for\nthe time has come for a series of ne@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@er "@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@onder tales" in @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ich\nthe stereotyped genie, d@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@arf and fairy are eliminated, together\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ith all the horrible and blood-curdling incidents devised by\ntheir authors to point a fearsome moral to each tale. Modern\neducation includes morality; therefore the modern child seeks only\nentertainment in its @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@onder tales and gladly dispenses @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ith all\ndisagreeable incident.\n\n Having this thought in mind, the story of "The @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@onderful\n@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@izard of Oz" was written solely to please children of today. It\naspires to being a modernized fairy tale, in @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@ich the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;w@@onderment\nand joy are retained and the heartaches and nightmares are left out.\n\n\nL. Frank Baum\n\nChicago, April, 1900.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;V@@\nYew is simply the @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;j@@ ([[Yea]]) sound followed by @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;M@@ ([[OOze]]).\n\nIt's used often because it spells the word 'you'. It also makes up the first part of the word 'used'. British people sometimes incorporate this sound into the word 'new'.
The Yahoo Shaw Alphabet Group at http://groups.yahoo.com/groups/shawalphabet/ is a good resource for learning the ShawAlphabet. You can ask questions and get feedback from live people there and even read the mind-numbingly trivial things they sometimes write in the ShawAlphabet.\n\nMost of the posters there don't have the balls to just switch [[Ha-Ha]] and [[huNG]] back much less [[AIR]] and [[ERR]] and so perpetuate the transposition errors in [[Androcles and the Lion]]. Reading their rationalizations for this can be quite amusing. As mentioned before, what little they post in the ShawAlphabet is trivial and riddled with spellings that will bug you, but the file section has some good resources such as keyboard layouts, fonts, and the uber-cool TheWizardOfOz pdf by yours truly.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;j@@\nYea is pronounced like the letter 'y' in the words: young, yellow, yonder, and yapping. It looks exactly like the back-slash character.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI tell this one apart from woe by thinking that yea is a happy expression; one that you'd say with you're arms up in the air. So naturally, Yea is tall, while woe is deep because it's depressed.\n\n''Practice''\nThere is evidence of cultured milk products being produced as food for at least 4,500 years, since the 3rd millennium BC. The earliest @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurts were probably spontaneously fermented by wild bacteria living on the goat skin bags carried by the Bulgars (or ~Hunno-Bulgars), a nomadic people who began migrating into Europe in the 2nd century AD and eventually settled on the Balkans by the end of the 7th century. Today many different countries claim @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt as their own, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@et there is no clear evidence as to where it was first invented.\n\nThe theory of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt used by ancient Turks depends upon the books Diwan Lughat al-Turk by Mahmud Kashgari and Kutadgu Bilig by @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@usuf Has Hajib written in the 11th century. In both books the word @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt was mentioned and described as being used by the nomadic Turks, with the word @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt described in different sections. Also, the first knowledge of European contact with @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt can be seen in the French clinical history by the incidence of Francis I having a deadly diarrhoea with no French doctor around to cure it. His ally, Suleiman the Magnificent, sent him a doctor, and with the help of @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt he was cured. Europeans are believed to have encountered @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;j@@oghurt for the first time durring that incident.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;z@@\n\nZoo has the sound of the letter 'z' in the words: zoo, zoro, razor, and zipper. Many words that are spelled with an 's' at the end are pronounced with the zoo sound. For example: colors, cheers, and beers are all pronounced with the zoo sound at the end.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nThis letter is easy to learn because it looks like a Z. \n\n''Practice''\n Dorothy was pu@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@led at this, for it sounded queer to hear a\nstuffed man speak, and to see him bow and walk along beside her.\n\n "Who are you?" asked the Scarecrow when he had stretched\nhimself and yawned. "And where are you going?"\n\n "My name i@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@ Dorothy," said the girl, "and I am going to the\nEmerald City, to ask the Great O@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@ to send me back to Kan@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@as."\n\n "Where is the Emerald City?" he inquired. "And who is O@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;z@@?"
<<<\n"Tradition will accustom people to any atrocity."\nGeorge Bernard Shaw\n<<<\n\nAppeal to tradition, also known as appeal to common practice, argumentum ad antiquitatem, or false induction, is a common logical fallacy in which a thesis is deemed correct on the basis that it has a long standing tradition behind it. Essentially: "This is right because we've always done it this way."\n\nProponents of the TraditionalShaw alphabet with a tall [[huNG]] and a deep [[Ha-Ha]], and an [[AIR]] joined at the top and an [[ERR]] joined at the bottom belive that it is important continue using the alphabet the way it has been established in the book, [[Androcles and the Lion]]. One of the common views seems to be that a change now would invalidate all that was published in the past. Some fear that they lack the "authority" to change the alphabet. Personally, I suspect that a strong reason for this opinion, is that they have invested a lot of time into learning it the traditional way and they don't want to have to get used to any changes (however slight the may be).\n\nProponents of the CorrectedShaw reforms hold the internal logic and order of the alphabet to be more important than preserving what they see to be the errors of the past. They see the existing literature in the shaw alphabet to be practicaly non-existant. Therefore, there can hardly be a better time to make corrections. CorrectedShaw proponents fear that the logical inconsistencies of the TraditionalShaw alphabet will deter newcomers who inevitably ask, "Wait, why is [[huNG]] tall, but [[Ha-Ha]] deep?". They feel that the shaw alphabet is a human creation made by a handful of humans,that is now in the hands of a handful of other humans. No other authority is needed to change it; especially, when the changes are merely corrections to errors made by the publishers of [[Androcles and the Lion]]. They feel that the errors of the past are neither sacrosanct, nor difficult to correct. In fact, they are increadibly easy to correct.
Aspiration is basically the act of breathing. The word aspiration is also used to describe the sound of an audible breath. Because the 'H' sound is the sound of an audible breath, it is sometimes called the aspirate, or aspirate sound.
A consonant is a sound that results from the passage of air through restrictions of the one or more parts of the passageways that carry air out of the body. \n\nThe word comes from the latin, //consonans//: sounding with. It is difficult to impossible to pronounce a consonant on its own. Therefore, they are always pronounced with (//con//-) other sounds (//sonans//).
A consonant is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by a closure or stricture of the vocal tract sufficient to cause audible turbulence. The word consonant comes from Latin and means "sounding with" or "sounding together"; the idea being that consonants don't sound on their own, but occur only with a nearby [[vowel|vowels]], which is the case in [[Latin]]. This conception of consonants, however, does not reflect the modern linguistic understanding which defines consonants in terms of vocal tract constriction.\n\nSee also: [[Approximants]]
From Wikipedia:\n<<<\nThe cot-caught merger (also known as the low back merger) is a phonemic merger, a sound change, that occurs in some varieties of English. The merger occurs in some accents of Scottish English [2] and to some extent in Mid Ulster English [2] but is best known as a phenomenon of many varieties of North American English.\n\nThe sound change causes the vowel in words like cot, rock, and doll to be pronounced the same as the vowel in the words caught, talk, law, and small, so that for example cot and caught become homophones, and the two vowel classes become merged as a single phoneme. This sound change appears to have begun at some time in the nineteenth century. One possible etymology of the expression O.K. is that it stands for oll korrect, a joke misspelling of all correct. This suggests that the merger may have begun to take root in North America by the 1830s, when this explanation for the expression was first attested. The presence of the merger and its absence are both found in many different regions of the continent, and in both urban and rural environments.\n\nThe symbols traditionally used to transcribe the vowels in the words "cot" and "caught" as spoken in American English are [ɑ] open back unrounded vowel and [ɔ] open-mid back rounded vowel, respectively, but recent sociolinguistic phonetics research has shown that for many American English speakers, the vowels are actually closer to the cardinal vowels [a] open central unrounded vowel and [ɒ] open back rounded vowel. The precise phonetic value of the merged vowel varies from region to region, as do the phonetic values of the unmerged vowel in regions where the merger has not occurred.\n\nAccording to Labov, Ash, and Boberg,[3] the merger does not generally occur in the southern United States, along the American side of the Great Lakes region, or in the "Northeast Corridor" extended metropolitan region from New York City to Baltimore. It occurs in most forms of Canadian English, in the Boston, Massachusetts area (see Boston accent) and northeastern New England , and in the eastern Ohio River valley. From the Great Plains westward, except San Francisco, the merger is usual. The distribution of the merger is complex, even without taking into account the mobility of the American population; there are pockets of speakers with the merger in areas that lack it, and vice versa. There are areas where the merger has only partially occurred, or is in a state of transition. Labov et al.'s research is based on telephone surveys with subjects who grew up in the city where they lived at the time of the interview. The 2003 Harvard Dialect Survey,[4] in which subjects did not necessarily grow up in the place they identified as the source of their dialect features, indicates that there are speakers of both merging and contrast-preserving accents throughout the country, though the basic isoglosses are almost identical to those revealed by Labov's 1996 telephone survey. Both surveys indicate that approximately 60% of American English speakers preserve the contrast, while approximately 40% make the merger.\n\nFor merged speakers in Canada and most of the United States, the two sounds [ɑ] and [ɔ] are allophones; they often do not perceive differences in their usage, hear neither of them as a separate phoneme, and hear the distinct vowels used by speakers whose dialects do distinguish them as variations on the same vowel. They hear the broad A of British Received Pronunciation as the same, single vowel sound. But in Received Pronunciation, there are three sounds distinguished: the long /ɑː/ of cart, the long /ɔː/ of caught, and the short rounded /ɒ/ of cot.\n\nIt should be noted that cot-caught merged speakers in northeastern New England still maintain a phonemic distinction between unrounded /aː/ and rounded /ɒː/, because in northeastern New England (unlike in Canada and the Western United States), the cot-caught merger occurred without the father-bother merger. Thus, although northeastern New Englanders pronounce both cot and caught as [kɒːt], they pronounce cart as [kaːt].\n\nLabov et al. also reveal that about 15% of respondents have the merger before [n] but not before [t], so that Don and Dawn are homophonous, but cot and caught are not. A much smaller group (about 4%) has the reverse situation: cot and caught are homophonous but Don and Dawn are distinct.\n<<<
The father-bother merger is a merger of the Early Modern English vowels [[AH]] and [[On]] that occurs in almost all varieties of North American English (exceptions are accents in northeastern New England, such as the Boston accent, and New ~York-New Jersey English). In those accents with the merger father and bother rhyme, and Kahn and con are homophonous. \n
The space between the vocal cords is called the glottis. As the vocal cords vibrate, the resulting vibration produces a "buzzing" quality to the speech, called voice or voicing.
|Traditional|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;N@@|Corrected|@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;h@@|\n\nHung has the sound represented by the letter pair 'ng' in the words: sing, bring, thing, and hang. Most people also pronounce the word 'uncle' with the hung sound as in: ungkul. Uncle is therefore often spelled, @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;uNkal@@ (traditional) or @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;uhkal@@ (corrected).\n\n''Mnemonic''\nA mnemonic will depend on whether you use the traditional or corrected shaw alphabet. You could think that the tall character looks like it's been hung on a nail, or you could think that the deep character looks like a noose you might use for hanging things (or people).\n\n''Practice''\nI'll have to provide two sections here; one for traditional and one for corrected.\n-----\n*Traditional\n When Dorothy was left alone she began to feel hu@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ry. So she\nwent to the cupboard and cut herself some bread, which she spread\nwith butter. She gave some to Toto, and taki@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ a pail from the\nshelf she carried it down to the little brook and filled it with\nclear, sparkli@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ water. Toto ran over to the trees and began to\nbark at the birds sitti@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ there. Dorothy went to get him, and saw\nsuch delicious fruit ha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@i@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ from the branches that she gathered\nsome of it, findi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ it just what she wanted to help out her breakfast.\n\n Then she went back to the house, and havi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ helped herself and\nToto to a good drink of the cool, clear water, she set about\nmaki@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;N@@ ready for the journey to the City of Emeralds.\n--------\n*Corrected\n When Dorothy was left alone she began to feel hu@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ry. So she\nwent to the cupboard and cut herself some bread, which she spread\nwith butter. She gave some to Toto, and taki@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ a pail from the\nshelf she carried it down to the little brook and filled it with\nclear, sparkli@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ water. Toto ran over to the trees and began to\nbark at the birds sitti@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ there. Dorothy went to get him, and saw\nsuch delicious fruit ha@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@i@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ from the branches that she gathered\nsome of it, findi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ it just what she wanted to help out her breakfast.\n\n Then she went back to the house, and havi@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ helped herself and\nToto to a good drink of the cool, clear water, she set about\nmaki@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;h@@ ready for the journey to the City of Emeralds.\n-------\n*Does the corrected form seem a lot more intuitive? I think so. It looks like the deep roman letter 'g', so it's easier to associate with the 'ng' sound for me.\n*Other than the [[appeal to tradition]], the only argument for the use of the traditional Hung that I know of came from someone who felt that the deep character was easy to begin words with while the tall one was easy to end words with while writing. And since many words end with the Hung sound, it all works well according to him.
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While there are no physical keyboards for the shaw alphabet, a standard keyboard can be remapped to use another layout, or a font can be designed to create a shaw keyboard layout without remapping any keys.\n\nFonts designed to map roman letter keys to shaw letters generally follow the [[Shaw-Qwerty]] layout, but by remapping the keys on your keyboard, you can use the [[Shavorak]] layout, or one of your own devising. Unicode fonts will require that you remap your keyboard. Modern operating systems make it easy to switch between several keyboard layouts.\n\nWhen learning to type, looking at the keys is actually a hinderance (like looking at your feet when learning to dance), so not having your keys labled is a good thing if you want to learn to touch type. A good way to learn to type a new layout is to print out a picture or table that shows the layout, and refer to it when you need to. I find it best to use either a split keyboard diagram, or to highlight the home keys, to make it easier to figure out where the keys are in relation to your fingers.
There is a mystical magical seperation of [[vowels]] into lax and tense vowels, yet apparently no definition of what the difference between the two is. Where then, does the distinction come from? Who knows?\n\nThe names lax and tense sound like they must come frome the traditional definition which states that tense vowels are pronounced with more muscular tension. Below is a exerpt from Wikipedia that debunks this definition.\n<<<\nTense vowels are sometimes claimed to be articulated with a more advanced tongue root than lax vowels, but this varies, and in some languages it is the lax vowels that are more advanced, or a single language may be inconsistent between front and back or high and mid vowels (Ladefoged and Maddieson 1996, 302–4). The traditional definition, that tense vowels are produced with more "muscular tension" than lax vowels, has not been confirmed by phonetic experiments. Another hypothesis is that lax vowels are more centralized than tense vowels. There are also linguists who believe that there is no phonetic correlation to the tense-lax opposition.\n<<<\nIn the Shaw alphabet, lax vowels are written with only one stroke, while all other vowels are presumably tense and written with more than one stroke. Of course, without a definition of lax and tense that can distinguish the two, this is somewhat meaningless.
In writing and typography a ligature occurs where two or more letter-forms are joined as a single glyph. Ligatures usually replace two sequential characters sharing common components, and are part of a more general class of glyphs called "contextual forms" where the specific shape of a letter depends on context such as surrounding letters or proximity to the end of a line.
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qYByPGHIggdjsx3HKxZX4SiY5D1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\nA0jMx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The lot-cloth split is the result of a late seventeenth-century sound change that lengthened /ɒ/ ([[On]]) to [ɒː] ([[AH]]) before voiceless fricatives, and also before /n/ in the word gone. In some accents, the lengthened [ɒː] was raised, merging with the /ɔː/ of words like thought. Words that entered the language later, or words that were used more in writing than speech, were often exempt from the lengthening, so that joss and Goth still have the short vowel.\n\nAs a result of the lengthening and raising, in the above-mentioned accents cross rhymes with sauce, and soft and cloth also have the vowel [ɔː]. @@Accents affected by this change include American English and, originally, RP, although today words of this group almost always have short [ɒ] ([[On]]) in RP.@@\n\nThe lengthening and raising generally happened before the fricatives /f/, /θ/ and /s/. In American English the raising was extended to the environment before [ŋ] and in a few words to the environment before [k, g] as well, giving pronunciations like /lɔŋ/ for long, /tʃɔklət/ for chocolate, and /dɔg/ for dog. Obviously, in accents of American English that are subject to the [[cot-caught merger]], there is no difference between words that did and those that did not undergo the change.\n\nIn the varieties of American English that have the lot-cloth split, many words vary as to whether or not they have the cloth vowel. For example, words that end in -og like frog, hog, fog, log, bog etc. have the cloth vowel in some accents with the lot-cloth split and the lot vowel in other accents with the split.\n\nThe word gone usually has the cloth vowel in accents with the lot-cloth split, but has the lot vowel in accents of New York and New Jersey which have the split.\n\nThe word on is usually pronounce with the lot vowel, but has the cloth vowel in the Midland, Mid-Atlantic and South.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;Z@@\nOften written as zh in phonetic spellings, measure has the [[voiced]] [[consonant]] sound represented by the letter 's' in the words: measure, closure, exposure, and pleasure.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nIt would give me great pleasure to have a good mnemonic for this letter.\n\n''Practice''\n*Trea@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ure\n*Plea@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ure\n*Mea@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ure\n*Sie@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:large;Z@@ure
The namer dot is a dot placed before words to signify that they are names. In the lionspaw [[font|Viewing Shaw Characters]], it is mapped to the forward slash. In some others, it is mapped to capital G.\n\nThere is no unicode address set aside for the shaw version of this character, but it is identical to the unicode character 00B7 (Middle dot).
The schwa sound is the unstressed "uh" sound of [[Ado]]. It is perhaps the most common letter in [[Androcles and the Lion]], and is wherever a word might have the [[schwi]] sound in the book, [[Ado]] is used as well. So either [[Androcles and the Lion]] is written in a dialect that has only the schwa sound and not [[schwi]], or [[Ado]] is used almost as an all-purpose unstressed syllable sound in the book.\n\nFor dialects like mine, that use the [[schwi]] sound, use [[If]] for both the stressed and unstressed sound, as other than stress, they are virtually the same sound just as [[Ado]] and [[Up]] are.\n\nDialects with the WeakVowelMerger merge [[schwi]] with [[schwa]].\n\nThe Shaw Alphabet was not designed to denote stress, although it is possible to do so to some degree with schwa and [[ARray]]; or [[Up]] and [[ERR]]. Here is a chart of stressed and unstressed vowel sounds and their Shaw spellings.\n\n|Stressed|Unstressed|\n|@@U@@p - [[Up]]|ros@@a@@'s - [[Ado]]|\n|@@Ir@@ving - [[ERR]]|mann@@er@@ - [[ARray]]|\n|@@I@@f - [[If]]|ros@@e@@s - [[If]]|\n|@@Ea@@t - [[EAt]]|ros@@y@@ - [[EAt]]|\n|@@Ear@@ - [[EAR]]|??? - [[EAR]]|\n\nAs you can see, [[Ado]] and [[ARray]] are unique, as no other sounds have special letters to designate unstressed conditions.
I made this word up to describe the unstressed [[EAt]] sound in words such as; ready, candy, dandy, and brandy.\n\nThis is not the [[schwi]] sound.
The schwi sound is an unstressed sound that sounds almost exactly like the [[If]] sound. It is found at the end of words such as; kitten, mitten, smitten, parted, and started. The absence of a letter for the schwi sound in the ShawAlphabet is no problem because it sounds almost exactly like [[If]], so [[If]] can be used for both sounds.\n\nShwi is to [[If]] as [[Ado]] is to [[Up]]. Having seperate letters for stressed and unstressed sounds is not necessary, but it is useful for showing which syllable has stress in words.\n\nBased on the spellings in [[Androcles and the Lion]], it seems that it is written in a dialect without the schwi sound ( WeakVowelMerger ), as the schwi sound is consistently replaced with [[schwa]] ( [[Ado]] ). \n\n*There is some confusion concerning which vowel sound schwi corresponds to. Schwi is an unstressed version of [[If]], not [[EAt]]. I suppose, we would call the unstressed [[EAt]] sound, [[schwee]].
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A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. It is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a [[vowel|vowels]]) with optional initial and final margins (typically, [[consonants]]).
Syllable breaks are simply the divisions between [[syllables|syllable]]. Unfortunately, there is no hard and fast rule for determining where one [[syllable]] ends and another begins, but often, it is easily agreed upon. Dictionaries tend to seperate [[syllables|syllable]] in their pronunciation guides with hyphens (-).\n\nSyllabification is the separation of a word into syllables, whether spoken or written. Many centuries ago, English spelling was based on an alphabetic representation of pronunciation, but the pronunciation has changed, whereas spelling has not to any great degree.\n\nAs a result, even most native English speakers are unable to syllabify (or spell) words with any degree of accuracy without consulting a dictionary or using a word processor. The process is, in fact, so complicated that even schools usually do not provide much more advice on the topic than to consult a dictionary. Even the Internet does not seem to provide any general syllabification guide, explanation, or discussion not meant for experts. In addition, there are differences between British and US syllabification and even between dictionaries of the same kind of English.\n\n-----------------------------\n''Implications for Shaw spelling''\n\nOne thing I have realized about syllable breaks is that they change the way vowel are pronouces. Lets take the word "Aruba" as an example.\n\nMerriam Webster Pronunciation: &-'rü-b&\nTransliterated to Shavian: @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;/a-rM-ba@@\n\nHere we have a syllable break between @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;a@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;rM@@, so it is pronounced as uh-~ROO-buh. It should be spelled: @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;/arMba@@ so that we know not to combine the "uh" and "r" sounds to create "ur" (@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;D@@).\n\nIf we changed the syllable break, and put it between @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;r@@ and @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;M@@, we'd have ur-~OO-buh, and we'd spell the "ur" sound as @@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:x-large;/~DMba@@. So as you can see, syllable breaks can change the sound of vowels and thus, their Shaw spelling.\n\nThis [[rule|Rules]] isn't explicitly stated anywhere, but I think you can see that it is the clearest way to write sounds as either merged (in the same [[syllable]]) or seperately pronounced (in different [[syllables|syllable]]).
Typography is the art and technique of setting written subject matter in type using a combination of typefaces, point size, line length, leading (line spacing) and letter spacing
An unvoiced [[consonant]] is pronounced without vibrating the vocal cords.\n\nIf you put your fingers on the sides of your vocal cords, you shoud be able to feel vibrations when you make the [[consonant]] sound in the word "Go", but not when you pronounce its [[unvoiced]] equivalent: "Ko"
A voiced [[consonant]] is pronounced with the vocal cords vibrating.\n\nIf you put your fingers on the sides of your vocal cords, you shoud be able to feel vibrations when you make the [[consonant]] sound in the word "Go", but not when you pronounce its [[unvoiced]] equivalent: "Ko"\n\nSee: [[glottis]]
A vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract so that there is no build-up of air pressure above the [[glottis]]. This contrasts with consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract. A vowel is also understood to be syllabic: an equivalent open but non-syllabic sound is called a semivowel.
@@font-family:lionspaw;font-size:xx-large;U@@\nWool has the sound of the vowels in the words: wool, pull, book, and nook.\n\n''Mnemonic''\nI imagine that if I drew curly hair on top and added eyes ears, and a nose, it would look like a sheep, and that reminds me of its name; wool.