H komVnist mAnifestO
bF /kRl /mRks n /frItrik /eNals

trAnzlitDEtid intM /SEvWn bF /lIvF /tUkD

a spektD iz hYntiN jxap -- H spektD v komVnizam. Yl H pQDz v Old jxap hAv entDd intM a hOlI alFans t eksDsFz His spektD: pOp n tsR, /metDnik n /gizO, frenc rAdikalz n Jxman palIs-spFz.

wX iz H pRtI in opaziSan HAt hAz not ben dikrFd Az komVnistik bF its apOnants in pQD? wX iz H opaziSan HAt hAz not hxld bAk H brAndiN riprOc v komVnizam, agenst H mP advAnst opaziSan pRtIz, Az wel Az agenst its rIAkSanXI AdvDsXIz?

tM TiNz rizult frum His fAkt:

1. komVnizam iz YlredI aknoliJd bF Yl jxapWn pQDz t bI itself a pQD

2. it iz hF tFm HAt komVnists SUd OpanlI, in H fEs v H hOl wxld, publiS HX vVz, HX Emz, HX tendansIz, n mIt His nxsDI tEl v H spektD v komVnizam wiH a mAnifestO v H pRtI itself.

t His end, /komVnists v vXWs nASanAlitIz hAv asembald in /lundan n skect H folOiN mAnifestO, t bI publiSt in H iNgliS, frenc, Jxman, flemiS n dEniS lAngwiJiz.

1 -- bMrZwy n prOlatXWnz


H histDI v Yl hiHDtM igzistiN sasFatI iz H histDI v klAs strugalz.

frImAn n slEv, patriSan n plIbWn, lPd n sxf, gild-mAstD n JxnIman, in a wxd, apresD n aprest, stUd in konstant opaziSan t wun anuHD, kXId on an unintDuptid, nQ hidan, nQ Opan fFt, a fFt HAt Ic tFm endid, IHD in a revalMSanXI rIkanstrukSan v sasFatI At lRJ, P in H koman rMin v H kantendiN klAsiz.

in H xlID epaks v histDI, wI fFnd YlmOst evrIwX a komlikEtid DEnJmant v sasFatI intM vXWs PdDz, a mAnifOld grEdESan v sOSal rANk. in EnSant /rOm wI hAv patriSanz, vAsalz, gild-mAstDz, JxnImen, aprentisiz, sxfs; in YlmOst Yl v HIz klAsiz, agen, subPdinat grEdESanz.

H modDn bMrZwy sasFatI HAt hAz sprQtid frum H rMinz v fVdal sasFatI hAz not dun awE wiH klAs AntAganizamz. it hAz but istAbliSt nM klAsiz, nM kandiSanz v apreSan, nM fPmz v strugal in plEs v H Old wunz.

QD epak, H epak v H bMrZwyzI, pazesiz, hQevD, hQevD, His distiNkt fIcD: it hAz simplifFd klAs AntAganizamz. sasFatI Az a hOl iz mP n mP splitiN up intM tM grEt hostal kAmps, intM tM grEt klAsiz dDektlI fEsiN Ic uHD -- bMrZwyzI n prOlatXWt.

frum H sxfs v H /midal /EJiz sprAN H cRtDd bxgDz v H xlIist tQnz. frum HIz bxJisiz H fxst elamantz v H bMrZwyzI wx divelapt.

H diskuvDI v /amXika, H rQndiN v H /kEp, Opand up freS grQnd fP H rFziN bMrZwyzI. H /Ist-indWn n /cFnIz mRkitz, H kolanizESan v /amXika, trEd wiH H kolanIz, H inkrIs in H mInz v ikscEnJ n in kamoditIz JenDalI, gEv t komDs, t nAvigESan, t indastrI, an impuls nevD bifP nOn, n HXbF, t H revalMSanXI elamant in H totDiN fVdal sasFatI, a rApid divelapmant.

H fVdal sistam v indastrI, in wic industrWl pradukSan wuz manopalFzd bF klOzd gildz, nQ nO loNgD safFsiz fP H grOiN wonts v H nM mRkits. H mAnVfAkcDiN sistam tUk its plEs. H gild-mAstDz wx pUSt asFd bF H mAnVfAkcDiN midal klAs; diviZan v lEbD bitwIn H difDant kPpDat gildz vAniSt in H fEs v diviZan v lEbD in Ic siNgal wxkSop.

mIntFm, H mRkits kept evD grOiN, H dimAnd evD rFziN. Ivan mAnVfAkcDDz nO loNgD safFst. HXapon, stIm n maSinDI revalMSanFzd industrWl pradukSan. H plEs v mAnVfAkcD wuz tEkan bF H JFant, /modDn /indastrI; H plEs v H industrWl midal klAs bF industrWl miljanXz, H lIdDz v H hOl industrWl RmIz, H modDn bMrZwy.

modDn indastrI hAz istAbliSt H wxld mRkit, fP wic H diskuvDI v /amXika pEvd H wE. His mRkit hAz givan an imens divelapmant t komDs, t nAvigESan, t kamVnikESan bF lAnd. His divelapmant hAz, in txn, rIAktid on H ikstenSan v indastrI; n in prapPSan Az indastrI, komDs, nAvigESan, rElwEz ikstendid, in H sEm prapPSan H bMrZwyzI divelapt, inkrIst its kApital, n pUSt intM H bAkgrQnd evrI klAs hAndid dQn frum H /midal /EJiz.

wI sI, HXfP, hQ H modDn bMrZwyzI iz itself H produkt v a loN kPs v divelapmant, v a sCIz v revalMSanz in H mOdz v pradukSan And v ikscEnJ.

Ic step in H divelapmant v H bMrZwyzI wuz akumpanId bF a kPaspondiN palitikal advAns in HAt klAs. an aprest klAs undD H swE v H fVdal nObilitI, an Rmd n self-guvDniN asOsIESan v midIIval kamVn: hC indipendant xban ripublik (Az in /italI n /JxmanI); HX tAksabel "Txd istEt" v H monRkI (Az in /frAns); AftDwDd, in H pCWd v mAnVfAkcDiN propD, sxviN IHD H semI-fVdal P H AbsalMt monRkI Az a kQntDpqz agenst H nObilitI, n, in fAkt, kPnDstOn v H grEt monRkIz in JenDal -- H bMrZwyzI hAz At lAst, sins H istAbliSmant v /modDn /indastrI n v H wxld mRkit, konkDd fP itself, in H modDn reprizentativ stEt, iksklMsiv palitikal swE. H igzekVtiv v H modDn stEt iz but a kamitI fP mAnaJiN H koman afXz v H hOl bMrZwyzI.

H bMrZwyzI, histPiklI, hAz plEd a mOst revalMSanXI pRt.

H bMrZwyzI, wXevD it hAz got H upD hAnd, hAz pUt an end t Yl fVdal, pEtrIRkal, Fdilik rilESanz. it hAz pitilislI tPn asundD H motlI fVdal tFz HAt bQnd mAn t hiz "nAcDal sMpCIDz", n hAz left nO uHD neksas bitwIn pIpal HAn nEkid self-intrest, HAn kAlas "kAS pEmant". it hAz drQnd Qt H mOst hevanlI ekstasIz v riliJas fxvD, v Sivalras enTMzIAzam, v filistIn sentimentalizam, in H FsI wotD v IgOtistikal kAlkVlESan. it hAz rizolvd pxsanal wxT intM ikscEnJ vAlV, n in plEs v H numbDlis indefIzabal cRtDd frIdamz, hAz set up HAt siNgal, unkonSanabal frIdam -- frI trEd. in wun wxd, fP eksplqtESan, vEld bF riliJas n palitikal ilMZanz, it hAz substitMtid nEkid, SEmlis, dDekt, brMtal eksplqtESan.

H bMrZwyzI hAz stript v its hElO evrI okVpESan hiHDtM onDd n lUkt up t wiH revDant Y. it hAz kanvxtid H fiziSan, H lqD, H prIst, H pOit, H mAn v sFans, intM its pEd wEJ lEbDDz.

H bMrZwyzI hAz tPn awE frum H fAmlI its sentimental vEl, n hAz ridMst H fAmlI rilESan intM a mC munI rilESan.

H bMrZwyzI hAz disklOzd hQ it kEm t pAs HAt H brMtal displE v vigD in H /midal /EJiz, wic rIAkSanXIz sO muc admFD, fQnd its fitiN komplamant in H mOst sloTfUl indOlans. it hAz ben H fxst t SO wut mAn'z AktivitI kAn briN abQt. it hAz akompliSt wundDz fR sDpAsiN /IJipSan pCamidz, /rOman Akwadukts, n /goTik kaTIdralz; it hAz konduktid ekspediSanz HAt pUt in H SEd Yl fPmD egzadasiz v nESanz n krMsEdz.

H bMrZwyzI kAnot igzist wiHQt konstantlI revalMSanFziN H instramants v pradukSan, n HXbF H rilESanz v pradukSan, n wiH Hem H hOl rilESanz v sasFatI. konsDvESan v H Old mOdz v pradukSan in unYltDd fPm, wuz, on H kontrXI, H fxst kandiSan v igzistans fP Yl xlID industrWl klAsiz. konstant revalMSanFziN v pradukSan, unintDuptid distxbans v Yl sOSal kandiSanz, evDlAstiN unsxtintI n AJitESan distingwiS H bMrZwy epak frum Yl xlID wunz. Yl fikst, fAst frOzan rilESanz, wiH HX trEn v EnSant n venDabal preJadisiz n apinjanz, R swept awE, Yl nM-fPmd wunz bikum AntikwEtid bifP HE kAn osifF. Yl HAt iz solid melts intM X, Yl HAt iz hOlI iz prafEnd, n mAn iz At lAst kampeld t fEs wiH sObD sensiz hiz rIl kandiSan v lFf n hiz rilESanz wiH hiz kFnd.

H nId v a konstantlI ikspAndiN mRkit fP its produkts cEsiz H bMrZwyzI OvD H intFD sxfis v H glOb. it must nesal evrIwX, setal evrIwX, istAbliS kanekSanz evrIwX.

H bMrZwyzI hAz, TrM its eksplqtESan v H wxld mRkit, givan a kozmapolitan kXaktD t pradukSan n kansumpSan in evrI kuntrI. t H grEt Sagrin v rIAkSanXIz, it hAz drYn frum undD H fIt v indastrI H nASanal grQnd on wic it stUd. Yl Old-istAbliSt nASanal indastrIz hAv ben distrqd P R dElI bIiN distrqd. HE R disloJd bF nM indastrId, hMz intradukSan bikumz a lFf n deT kwescan fP Yl sivilFzd nESanz, bF indastrIs HAt nO loNgD wxk up indiJanis rY matCWl, but rY matCWl drYn frum H rimOtist zOnz; indastrIz hMz produkts R kansMmd, not OnlI At hOm, but in evrI kwPtD v H glOb. in plEs v H Old wonts, sAtisfFd bF H pradukSan v H kuntrI, wI fFnd nM wonts, rikwFDriN fP HX sAtisfAkSan H produkts v distant lAndz n klFmz. in plEs v H Old lOkal n nASanal siklMZan n self-safiSansI, wI hAv intDkPs in evrI dDekSan, Vnivxsal intD-dipendans v nESanz. n Az in matCWl, sO YlsO in intalekcMal pradukSan. H intalekcMal krIESanz v indiviJMal nESanz bikum koman propDtI. nASanal wun-sFdidnis n nXO-mFndidnis bikum mP n mP imposabal, n frum H nMmDas nASanal n lOkal litDacDz, HX arFziz a wxld litDacD.

H bMrZwyzi, bF H rApid imprMvmant v Yl instramants v pradukSan, bF H imenslI fasilitEtid mInz v kamVnikESan, drYz Yl, Ivan H mOst bRbXWn, nESanz intM sivilizESan. H cIp prFsiz v kamoditIz R H hevI RtilDI wiH wic it fPsiz H bRbXWnz' intenslI obstinit hEtrid v fPinDz t kapicalEt. it kampelz Yl nESanz, on pEn v ikstiNkSan, t adopt H bMrZwy mOd v pradukSan; it kampelz Hem t intradMs wut it kYlz sivilizESan intM HX midst, i.e. t bikum bMrZwy Hemselvz. in wun wxd, it krIEts a wxld AftD its On imiJ.

H bMrZwyzi hAz sabJektid H kuntrI t H rMl v H tQnz. it hAz krIEtid inPmas sitIz, hAz grEtlI inkrIst H xban popVlESan Az kampXd wiH H rxal, n hAz Hus reskVd a kansidDabal pRt v H popVlESan frum H idWsI v rxal lFf. Just Az it hAz mEd H kuntrI dipendant on H tQnz, sO it hAz mEd bRbXWn n semI-bRbXWn kuntrIz dipendant on H sivilFzd wunz, nESanz v pezants on nESanz v bMrZwy, H /Ist on H /west.

H bMrZwyzI kIps mP n mP dMiN awE wiH H skAtDd stEt v H popVlESan, v H mInz v pradukSan, n v propDtI. it hAz aglomDEtid popVlESan, sentralFzd H mInz v pradukSan, n hAz konsantrEtid propDtI in a fV hAndz. H nesasXI konsakwens v His wuz palitikal sentralizESan. indipendant, P but lMslI kanektid provinsiz, wiH seprat intrests, lYz, guvDnmants, n sistamz v tAksESan, bikEm lumpt tMgeHD intM wun nESan, wiH wun guvDnmant, wun kOd v lYz, wun nASanal klAs intrest, wun frontC, n wun kustamz tXif.

H bMrZwyzI, dxiN its rMl v skXs wun hundrid jCz, hAz krIEtid mP mAsiv n mP kalosal praduktiv fPsiz HAn hAv Yl prisIdiN JenDESanz tMgeHD. subJekSan v nEcD'z fPsiz t mAn, maSInDI, AplikESan v kemistrI t indastrI n AgrikulcD, stIm nAvigESan, rElwEz, ilektrik telagrAfs, klCiN v hOl kontinants fP kultivESan, kAnalizESan v rivDz, hOl popVlESanz konJDd Qt v H grQnd -- wut xlID sencDI hAd Ivan a prIsentimant HAt suc praduktiv fPsiz slumbDd in H lAp v sOSal lEbD?

wI sI Hen: H mInz v pradukSan n v ikscEnJ, on hMz fQndESan H bMrZwyzI bilt itself up, wx JenDEtid in fVdal sasFatI. At a sxtin stEJ in H divelapmant f HIz mInz v pradukSan n v ikscEnJ, H kandiSanz undD wic fVdal sasFatI pradMst n ikscEnJd, H fVdal PganizESan v AgrikulcD n mAnVfAkcDiN indastrI, in wun wxd, H fVdal rilESanz v propDtI bikEm nO loNgD kampAtabal wiH H YlredI divelapt praduktiv fPsiz; HE bikEm sO menI fetDz. HE hAd t bI bxst asundD; HE wx bxst asundD.

intM HX plEs stept frI kompatiSan, akumpanId bF a sOSal n palitikal konstitMSan adAptid in it, n H ekanomik n palitikal swE v H bMrZwy klAs.

a similD mMvmant iz gOiN on bifP QD On Fz. modDn bMrZwy sasFatI, wiH its rilESanz v pradukSan, v ikscEnJ n v propDtI, a sasFatI HAt hAz konJDd up suc JFgAntik mInz v pradukSan n v ikscEnJ, iz lFk H sPsDD hM iz nO loNgD Ebal t kantrOl H pQDz v H neHD wxld hMm hI hAz kYld up bF hiz spelz. fP menI a dekEd pAst, H histDI v indastrI n komDs iz but H histDI v H rivOlt v modDn praduktiv fPsiz agenst modDn kandiSanz v pradukSan, agenst H propDtI rilESanz HAt R H kandiSanz fP H igzistans v H bMrZwy n v its rMl. it iz inuf t menSan H kamxSal krFsIz HAt, bF HX pCIodikal ritxn, pUt H igzistans v H intFD bMrZwy sasFatI on its trFal, Ic tFm mP TretaniNlI. in HIz krFsIz, a grEt pRt not OnlI v H igzistiN produkts, but YlsO v H prIvWslI krIEtid praduktiv fPsiz, R pCIodiklI distrqd. in HIz krFsIz, HX brEks Qt an epidemik HAt, in Yl xlID epaks, wUd hAv sImd an absxditI -- H epidemik v OvD-pradukSan. sasFatI sudanlI fFndz itself pUt bAk intM a stEt v mOmantXI bRbDizm; it apCz Az if a fAmin, a Vnivxsal wP v devastESan, hAd kut of H saplF v evrI mInz v suvsistans; indastrI n komDs sIm t bI distrqd. n wF? bikuz HX iz tM muc sivilizESan, tM muc mInz v subsistans, tM muc indastrI, tM muc komDs. H praduktiv fPsiz At H dispOzal v sasFatI nO loNgD tend t fxHD H divelapmant v H kandiSanz v bMrZwy propDtI; on H kontrXI, HE hAv bikum tM pQDfUl fP HIz kandiSanz, bF wic HE R fetDd, n sO sMn Az HE OvDkum HIz fetDz, HE briN disPdD intM H hOl v bMrZwy sasFatI, indEnJD H igzistans v bMrZwy propDtI. H kandiSanz v bMrZwy sasFatI R tM nXO t kamprFz H welT krIEtid bF Hem. n hQ duz H bMrZwyzI get OvD HIz krFsIz? wun H wun hAnd, bF infPst distrukSan v a mAs v praduktiv fPsiz; on H uHD, bF H konkwest v nM mRkits, n bF H mP TxO eksplqtESan v H Old wunz. HAt iz t sE, bF pEviN H wE fP mP ikstensiv n mP distruktiv krFsIz, n bF diminiSiN H mInz wXbF krFsIz R priventid.

H wepanz wiH wic H bMrZwyzI feld fVdalizam t H grQnd R nQ txnd agenst H bMrZwyzI itself.

but not OnlI hAz H bMrZwyzI fPJd H wepanz HAt briN deT t itself; it hAz kYld intM igzistans H men hM R t wIld HOz wepanz -- H modDn wxkiN klAs -- H prOl.XWnz.

in prapPSan Az H bMrZwyzI, i.e. kApital, iz divelapt, in H sEm prapPSan iz H prOlatXWt, H modDn wxkiN klAs, divelapt -- a klAs v lEbDDz, hM liv OnlI sO loN Az HE fFnd wxk, n hM fFnd wxk sO loN Az HX lEbD inkrIsiz kApital. HIz lEbDDz, hM must sel Hemselvz pIsmIl, R a kamoditI, lFk evrI uHD Rtikal v komDs, n R konsakwentlI ikspOzd t Yl H visisitMdz v kompatiSan, t Yl H flukcMESanz v H mRkit.

OiN t H ikstensiv Vs v maSInDI, n t H diviZan v lEbD, H wxk v H prOlatXWnz hAz lost Yl indiviJMal kXaktD, n, konsakwentlI, Yl cRm fP H wxkman. hI bikumz an apendiJ v H maSIn, n it iz OnlI H mOst simpal, mOst manotanas, n mOst IzalI akwFDd nAk, HAt iz rikwFDd v him. hens, H kost v pradukSan v a wxkman iz ristriktid, YlmOst intFDlI, t H mInz v subsistans HAt hI rikwFDz fP mEntanans, n fP H propagESan v hiz rEs. but H prFs v a kamoditI, n HXfP YlsO v lEbD, iz Ikwal t its kost v pradukSan. in prapPSan, HXfP, Az H ripulsivnis v H wxk inkrIsiz, H wEJ dIkrIsiz. wut iz mP, in prapPSan Az H Vs v maSInDI n diviZan v lEbD inkrIsiz, in H sEm prapPSan H bxdan v tql YlsO inkrIsiz, weHD bF prOlongESan v H wxkiN QDz, bF H inkrIs v H wxk igzAktid in a givan tFm, P bF inkrIst spId v maSInDI, ets.

/modDn /indastrI hAz kanvxtid H lital wxkSop v H pEtrIRkal mAstD intM H grEt fAktDI v H industrWl kApitalist. mAsiz v lEbDDz, krQdid intM H fAktDI, R PganFzd lFk sOlJDz. Az prFvits v H industrWl RmI, HE R plEst undD H kamAnd v a pxfikt hFrRkI v ofisDz n sRJants. not OnlI R HE slEvz v H bMrZwy klAs, n v H bMrZwy stEt; HE R dElI n QDlI inslEvd bF H maSIn, bF H OvDlUkD, n, abuv Yl, in H indiviJMal bMrZwy mAnVfAkcDD himself. H mP OpanlI His despatizam praklEmz gEn t bI its end n Em, H mP petI, H mP hEtfUl n H mP imbitDiN it iz.

H les H skil n igzxSan v streNT implFd in mAnVal lEbD, in uHD wxdz, H mP modDn indastrI bikumz divelapt, H mP iz H lEbD v men sMpDsIdid bF HAt v wiman. difransiz v EJ n seks hAv nO loNgD enI distiNktiv sOSal validitI fP H wxkiN klAs. Yl R instramants v lEbD, mP P les ikspensiv t Vz, akPdiN t HX EJ n seks.

nO sMnD iz H eksplqtESan v H lEbDD bF H mAnVfAkcDD, sO fR At an end, HAt hI risIvz hiz wEJiz in kAS, HAn hI iz set apon bF H uHD pPSan v H bMrZwyzI, H lAndlPd, H SopkIpD, H pYnbrOkD, ets.

H lOD strAta v H midal klAs -- H smYl trEdzpIpal, SopkIpDz, n ritFDd trEdzmen JenDalI, H hAndIkrAftsmen n pezants -- Yl HIz siNk grAJMalI intM H prOlatXWt, pRtlI bikuz HX diminVtiv kApital duz not safFs fP H skEl on wic /modDn /indastrI iz kXId on, n iz swompt in H kompatiSan wiH H lRJ kApitalists, pRtlI bikuz HX speSalFzd skil iz rendDd wxTlis bF nM meTadz v pradukSan. Hus, H prOlatXWt iz rikrMtid frum Yl klAsiz v H popVlESan.

H prOlatXWt gOz TrM vXWs stEJiz v divelapmant. wiH its bxT biginz its strugal wiH H bMrZwyzI. At fxst, H kontest iz kXId on bF indiviJMal lEbDDz, Hen bF H wxk v pIpal v a fAktDI, Hen bF H opDativ v wun trEd, in wun lOkAlitI, agenst H indiviJMal bMrZwy hM dDektlI iksplqts Hem. HE dDekt HX atAks not agenst H bMrZwy kandiSan v pradukSan, but agenst H instramants v pradukSan Hemselvz; HE distrq impPtid wXz HAt kampIt wiH HX lEbD, HE smAS t pIsiz maSInDI, HE set fAktDIz ablEz, HE sIk t ristP bF fPs H vAniSt stAtas v H wxkman v H /midal /EJiz.

At His stEJ, H lEbDDz stil fPm an inkOhCant mAs skAtDd OvD H hOl kuntrI, n brOkin up bF HX mVcMal kompatiSan. if enIwX HE VnFt t fPm mP kompAkt bodIz, His iz not jet H konsakwens v HX On Aktiv Vnjan, but v H Vnjan v H bMrZwyzI, wic klAs, in PdD t atEn its On palitikal endz, iz kampeld t set H hOl prOlatXWt in mOSan, n iz mPOvD jet, fP a tFm, Ebal t dM sO. At His stEJ, HXfP, H prOlatXWnz dM not fFt HX enamIz, but H enamIz v HX enamIz, H remnants v AbsalMt monRkI, H lAndOnDz, H non-industrWl bMrZwy, H petI bMrZwy. Hus, H hOl histPikal mMvmant iz konsantrEtid in H hAndz v H bMrZwyzI; evrI viktDI sO abtEnd iz a viktDI fP H bMrZwyzI.

but wiH H divelapmant v indastrI, H prOlatXWt not OnlI inkrIsiz in numbD; it bikumz konsantrEtid in grEtD mAsiz, its streNT grOz, n it fIlz HAt streNT mP. H vXWs intrests n kandiSanz v lFf wiHin H rANks v H prOlatXWt R mP n mP IkwalFzd, in prapPSan Az maSInDI ablitDEts Yl distiNkSanz v lEbD, n nClI evrIwX ridMsiz wEJiz t H sEm lO leval. H grOiN kompatiSan amuN H bMrZwy, n H rizultiN kamxSal krFsIz, mEk H wEJiz v H wxkDz evD mP flukcMEtiN. H inkrIsiN imprMvmant v maSInDI, evD mP rApidlI divelapiN, mEks HX lFvlIhUd mP n mP prikXWs; H kaliZanz bitwIn indiviJMal wxkmen n indiviJMal bMrZwy tEk mP n mP H kXaktD v kaliZanz bitwIn tM klAsiz. HXapon, H wxkDz bigin tM fPm kombinESanz (trEd Vnjanz) agenst H bMrZwy; HE klub tMgeHD in PdD t kIp up H rEt v wEJiz; HE fQnd pxmanant asOsIESanz in PdD t mEk praviZan bifPhAnd fP HIz akEZanal rivOlts. hC n HX, H kontest brEks Qt intM rFats.

nQ n Hen H wxkDz R viktPWs, but OnlI fP a tFm. H rIl frMt v HX bAtalz lF not in H imIdWt rizult, but in H evD ikspAndiN Vnjan v H wxkDz. His Vnjan iz helpt on bF H imprMvd mInz v kamVnikESan HAt R krIEtid bF /modDn /indastrI, n HAt plEs H wxkDz v difrant lOkAlitIz in kontAkt wiH wun anuHD. it wuz Just His kontAkt HAt wuz nIdid t sentralFz H nMmDas lOkal strugalz, Yl v H sEm kXaktD, intM wun nASanal strugal bitwIn klAsiz. but evrI klAs strugal iz a palitikal strugal. n HAt Vnjan, t atEn wic H bxgDz v H /midal /EJiz, wiH HX mizDabal hFwEz, rikwFDd sencDIz, H modDn prOlatXWn, TAnks t rElwEz, acIv in a fV jCz.

His PganizESan v H prOlatXWnz intM a klAs, n, konsakwentlI, intM a palitikal pRtI, iz kantinValI bIiN upset agen bF H kompatiSan bitwIn H wxkDz Hemselvz. but it evD rFziz up agen, stroNgD, fxmD, mFtID. it kampelz leJislEtiv rekagniSan v pRtikVlD intrests v H wxkDz, bF tEkiN advAntiJ v H diviZanz amuN H bMrZwyzI itself. Hus, H /ten-QDz /bil in /iNgland wuz kXId.

YltMgeHD, kaliZanz bitwIn H klAsiz v H Old sasFatI fxHD in menI wEz H kPs v divelapmant v H prOlatXWt. H bMrZwyzI fFndz itself involvd in a konstant bAtal. At fxst wiH H XistokrasI; lEtD on, wiH HOz pPSanz v H bMrZwyzI itself, hMz intrests hAv bikum AntAganistik t H progres v indastrI; At Yl tFm wiH H bMrZwyzI v fPin kuntrIz. in Yl HIz bAtalz, it sIz itself kampeld t apIl t H prOlatXWt, t Ask fP help, n Hus drAg it intM H palitikal DIna. H bMrZwyzI itself, HXfP, saplFz H prOlatXWt wiH its On elamants v palitikal n JenDal eJakESan, in uHD wxdz, it fxniSiz H prOlatXWt wiH wepanz fP fFtiN H bMrZwyzI.

fxHD, Az wI hAv YlredI sIn, intFD sekSanz v H rMliN klAs R, bF H advAns v indastrI, prisipitEtid intM H prOlatXWt, P R At lIst Tretand in HX kandiSanz v igzistans. HIz YlsO saplF H prOlatXWt wiH freS elamants v inlFtanmant n progres.

fFnalI, in tFmz wen H klAs strugal nCz H disFsiv QD, H progres v dissalMSan gOiN on wiHin H rMliN klAs, in fAkt wiHin H hOl rEnJ v Old sasFatI, asMmz suc a vFalant, glXiN kXaktD, HAt a smYl sekSan v H rMliN klAs kuts itself adrift, n Jqnz H revalMSanXI klAs, H klAs HAt hOldz H fVcD in its hAndz. Just As, HXfP, At an xlID pCWd, a sekSan v H nObilitI went OvD t H bMrZwyzI, sO nQ a pPSan v H bMrZwyzI gOz OvD t H prOlatXWt, n in pRtikVlD, a pPSan v H bMrZwy FdIolaJists, hM hAv rEzd Hemselvz t H leval v komprihendiN TIDetiklI H histPikal mMvmant Az a hOl.

v Yl H klAsiz HAt stAnd fEs t fEs wiH H bMrZwyzI tMdE, H prOlatXWt alOn iz a JenVinlI revalMSanXI klAs. H uHD klAsiz dikE n fFnalI disapC in H fEs v /modDn /indastrI; H prOlatXWt iz its speSal n isenSal produkt.

H lOD midal klAs, H smYl mAnVfAkcDD, H SopkIpD, H Rtizan, H pezant, Yl HIz fFt agenst H bMrZwyzI, t sEv frum ikstiNkSan HX igzistans Az frAkSanz v H midal klAs. HE R HXfP not revalMSanXI, but kansxvativ. nE, mP, HE R rIAkSanXI, fP HE trF t rOl bAk H wIl v histDI. if, bF cAns, HE R revalMSanXI, HE OnlI sO in vV v HX impendiN trAnzfD intM H prOlatXWt; HE Hus difend not HX prezant, but HX fVcD intrests; HE dizxt HX On stAndpqnt t plEs Hemselvz At HAt v H prOlatXWt.

H "dEnJDas klAs", H sOSal skum, HAt pAsivlI rotiN mAs TrOn of bF H lOist lEDz v H Old sasFatI, mE, hC n HX, bI swept intM H mMvmant bF a prOlatXWn revalMSan; its kandiSanz v lFf, hQevD, pripX it fR mP fP H pRt v a brFbd tMl v rIAkSanXI intrIg.

in H kandiSan v H prOlatXWt, HOz v Old sasFatI At lRJ R YlredI vxcMalI swompt. H prOlatXWn iz wiHQt propDtI; hiz rilESan t hiz wFf n cildran hAz nO loNgD enITiN in koman wiH H bMrZwy fAmlI rilESanz; modDn indastrI lEbD, modDn subJekSan t kApital, H sEm in /iNgland Az in /frAns, in /amXika Az in /JxmanI, hAz stript him v evrI trEs v nASanal kXaktD. lY, mPAlitI, riliJan, R t him sO menI bMrZwy preJadisiz, bihFnd wic lxk in AmbUS Just Az menI bMrZwy intrests.

Yl H prisIdiN klAsiz HAt got H upD hAnd sYt t fPtifF HX YlredI akwFDd stAtas bF subJektiN sasFatI At lRJ t HX kandiSanz v aprOprIESan. H prOlatXWnz kAnot bikum mAstDz v H praduktiv fPsiz v sasFatI, iksept bF aboliSiN HX On prIvWs mOd v aprOprIESan, n HXbF YlsO evrI uHD prIvWs mOd v aprOprIESan. HE hAv nuTiN v HX On t sikjx n t fPtifF; HX miSan iz t distrq Yl prIvWs sikjxitIz fP, n inSxansiz v, indiviJMal propDtI.

Yl prIvWs histPikal mMvmants wx mMvmants v mFnPitIz, P in H intrest v mFnPitIz. H prOlatXWn mMvmant iz H self-konSas, indipendant mMvmant v H imens maJPitI, in H intrest v H imens maJPitI. H prOlatXWt, H lOist strAtam v QD prezant sasFatI, kAnot stx, kAnot rEz itself up, wiHQt H hOl sMpDinkumbant strAta v afiSal sasFatI bIiN spruN intM H X.

HO not in substans, jet in fPm, H strugal v H prOlatXWt wiH H bMrZwyzI iz At fxst a nASanal strugal. H prOlatXWt v Ic kuntrI must, v kPs, fxst v Yl setal mAtDz wiH its On bMrZwyzI.

in dipiktiN H mOst JenDal fEziz v H divelapmant v H prOlatXWt, wI trEst H mP P les vEld sival wP, rEJiN wiHin igzistiN sasFatI, up t H pqnt wX HAt wP brEks Qt intM Opan revalMSan, n wX H vFalant OvDTrO v H bMrZwyzI lEz H fQndESan fP H swE v H prOlatXWt.

hiHDtM, evrI fPm v sasFatI hAz ben bEst, Az wI hAv YlredI sIn, on H AntAganizam v apresiN n aprest klAsiz. but in PdD t apres a klAs, sxtin kantiSanz must bI aSxd t it undD wic it kAn, At lIst, kantinV its slAviS igzistans. H sxf, in H pCWd v sxfdam, rEzd himself t membDSip in H komVn, Just Az H petI bMrZwy, undD H jOk v H fVdal AbsalMtizam, mAnaJd t divelap intM a bMrZwy. H modDn lEbDD, on H kontrXI, insted v rFziN wiH H proses v indastrI, siNks dIpD n dIpD bilO H kandiSanz v igzistans v hiz On klAs. hI bikumz a pYpD, n pYpDizam divelaps mP rApidlI HAn popVlESan n welT. n hC it bikumz evidant HAt H bMrZwyzI iz unfit enI loNgD t bI H rMliN klAs in sasFatI, n t impOz its kandiSanz v igzistans apon sasFatI Az an OvDrFdiN lY. it iz unfit t rMl bikuz it iz inkompatant t aSx an igzistans t its slEv wiHin hiz slEvDI, bikuz it kAnot help letiN him siNk intM suc a stEt, HAt it hAz t fId him, insted v bIiN fed bF him. sasFatI kAn nO loNgD liv undD His bMrZwyzI, in uHD wxdz, its igzistans iz nO loNgD kampAtabal wiH sasFatI.

H isenSal kandiSanz fP H igzistans n fP H swE v H bMrZwy klAs iz H fPmESan n YgmantESan v kApital; H kandiSan fP kApital iz wEJ lEbD. wEJ lEbD rests iksklMsivlI on kompatiSon bitwIn H lEbDDz. H advAns v indastrI, hMz involantXI pramOtD iz H bMrZwyzI, riplEsiz H FsalESan v H lEbDD, dM t kompetiSan, bF H revalMSanXI kombinESan, dM t asOsIESan. H divelapmant v /modDn /indastrI, HXfP, kuts frum undD its fIt H vXI fQndESan on wic H bMrZwyzI pradMsiz n aprOprIEts produkts. wut H bMrZwyzI HxfP pradMsiz, abuv Yl, R its On grEv-digDz. its fYl And H viktDI v H prOlatXWt R IkwalI inevitabel.

2 -- prOlatXWnz n komVnists

in wut rilESan dM H /komVnists stAnd t H prOlatXWnz Az a hOl? H /komVnists dM not fPm a sepDEt pRtI apOzd t H uHD wxkiN-klAs pRtIz.

H hAv nO intDists sepDEt n apRt frum HOz v H prOlXWt Az a hOl.

HE dM not set up enI sektXWn prinsipalz v HX On, bF wic t SEp n mOld H prOlatXWn mMvmant.

H /komVnists R distiNgwiSt frum H uHD wxkiN-klAs pRtIz bF His OnlI:

(1) in H nASanal strugalz v H prOlatXWnz v H difrant kuntrIz, HE pqnt Qt n briN t H frunt H koman intrests v H intFD prOlatXWt, indapendantlI v Yl nASanAlitI.

(2) in H vXWs stEJiz v divelapmant wic H strugal v H wxking klAs agenst H bMrZwyzI hAz t pAs TrM, HE YlwEz n evrIwX reprizent H intrests v H mMvmant Az a hOl.

H /komVnists, HXfP, R on H wun hAnd prAktiklI, H mOst advAnst n rezalMt sekSan v H wxkiN-klAs pRtIz v evrI kuntrI, HAt sekSan wic pUSiz fPwDd Yl uHDz; on H uHD hAnd, TIDetiklI, HE hAv OvD H grEt mAs v H prOlatXWt H advAntiJ v klClI undDstAndiN H lFnz v mRc, H kandiSanz, n H ultimat JenDal rizults v H prOlatXWn mMvmant.

H imIdWt Em v H /komVnists iz H sEm Az HAt v Yl uHD prOlatXWn pRtIz: fPmESan v H prOlatXWt intM klAs, OvDTrO v H bMrZwy sapremasI, konkwest v politikal pQD bF H prOlatXWt.

H TIDetikal kanklMZanz v H /komVnists R in nO wE bEst on FdWz P prinsipalz HAt hAv ben inventid, P diskuvDd, bF His P HAt wUd-bI VnivDsal rifPmD.

HE mClI ikspres, in JenDal txmz, AkcMal rilESanz spriNiN frum an igzistiN klAs strugal, frOm a histPikal mMvmant gOiN on undD QD vXI Fz. H AbaliSan v igzistiN propDtI rilESanz iz not At Yl a distiNktiv fIcD v komVnizam.

Yl propDtI rilESanz in H pAst hAv kantinValI ben subJekt t histPikal cEnJ konsikwant apon H cEnJ in histPikal kandiSanz.

H /frenc /revalMSan, fP igzAmpal, aboliSt fVdal propDtI in fEvD v bMrZwy propDtI.

H distiNgwiSiN fIcD v komVnizamiz not H AbaliSan v propDtI JenDalI, but H AbaliSan v bMrZwy propDtI. but modDn bMrZwy prFvit propDtI iz H fFnal n mOst kamplIt ikspreSan H sistam v pradMsiN n aprOprIEtiN produkts HAt iz bEst on klAs AntAganizamz, on H eksplqtESan v H menI bF H fV.

in His sens, H TIDI v H komVnists mE bI sumd up in H siNgal sentans: AbaliSan v prFvit propDtI.

wI /komVnists hAv ben riprOct wiH H dizFD v AboliSiN H rFt v pxsanalI akwFDiN propDtI Az H frMt v a mAn'z On lEbD, wic propDtI iz aleJd t bI H grQndwxk v Yl pxsanal frIdam, AktivitI n indapendans.

hRd-wun, self-akwFDd, self-xnd propDtI! dM V mIn H propDtI v petI Rtizan n v H smYl pezant, a fPm v propDtI HAt prisIdid H bMrZwy fPm? HX iz nO nId t aboliS HAt; H divelapmant v indastrI hAz t a grEt ikstent YlredI distrqd it, n iz stil distrqiN it dElI.

P dM V mIn H modDn bMrZwy prFvit propDtI?

but duz wEJ lEbD krIEt enI propDtI fP H lEbDD? not a bit. it krIEts kApital, i.e., HAt kFnd v propDtI wic iksplqts wEJ lEbD, n wic kAnot inkrIs iksept apon kondiSanz v bigetiN a nM saplF v wEJ lEbD fP freS eksplqtESan. propDtI, in its prezant fPm, iz bEst on H AntAganizam v kApital n wEJ lEbD. let us igzAmin bOT sFdz v His AntAganizam.

t bI a kApitalist, iz t hAv not OnlI a pjxlI pxsanal, but a sOSal stAtas in pradukSan. kApital iz a kalektiv produkt, n OnlI bF H VnFtid AkSan v menI membDz, nE, in H lAst rizPt, OnlI bF H VnFtid AkSan v Yl membDz v sasFatI, kAn it bI set in mOSan.

kApital iz HXfP not OnlI pxsanal; it iz a sOSal pQD.

wen, HXfP, kApital iz kanvD intM koman propDtI, intM H propDtI v Yl membDz v sasFatI, pxsanal propDtI iz not HXbF trAnzfPmd intM sOSal propDtI. it iz OnlI H sOSal kXaktD v H propDtI HAt iz cEnJd. it lMziz its klAs kXaktD.

let us nQ tEk wEJ lEbD.

H AvriJ prFs v wEJ lEbD iz H minimam wEJ, i.e. HAt kwontam v H mInz v subsistans wic iz AbsalMtlI rikwizit t kIp H lEbDD in bX igzistans Az a lEbDD. wut, HXfP, H wEJ lEbDD aprOprIEts  bF mInz v hiz lEbD mClI safFsiz t prOloN n rIpradMs a bX igzistans. wI bF nO mInz intend t aboliS His pxsanal aprOprIESan v H produkts v lEbD, an aprOprIESan HAt iz mEd fP H mEntanans n rIpradukSan v hVman lFf, n HAt lIvz nO sDplus wXwiH t kamAnd H lEbD v uHDz. Yl HAt wI wont t dM awE wiH iz H mizDabal kXaktD v uHDz. Yl HAt wI wont t dM awE wiH iz H mizDabal kXaktD v His aprOprIESan, undD wic H lEbDD livz mClI t inkrIs kApital, n iz alQd t liv OnlI in sO fR Az H intrest v H rMliN klAs rikwFD it.

in bMrZwy sasFatI, liviN lEbD iz but a mInz t inkrIs akVmVlEtid lEbD. in komVnist sasFatI, akVmjalEtid lEbD iz but a mIns t wFdan, t inric, t pramOt H igzistans v H lEbDD.

in bMeZwy sasFatI, HXfP, H pAst dominEts H prezant; in komVnist sasFatI, H prezant dominEts H pAst. in bMrZwy sasFatI, kApital iz indapendant n hAz indiviJMAlitI, wFl H liviN pxsan iz dipendant n hAz nO indiviJMAlitI.

n H AbaliSan v His stEt v TiNz iz kYld bF H bMrZwy, AbaliSan v indiviJMAlitI n frIdam! n rFtlI sO. H AbaliSan v bMrZwy indiviJMAlitI, bMrZwy indipendans, n bMrZwy frIdam iz undQtidlI Emd At.

bF frIdam iz ment, undD H prezant bMrZwy kandiSanz v pradukSan, frI trEd, frI seliN n bFiN.

but if seliN n bFiN disapCz, frI seliN n bFiN disapCz YlsO. His tYk abQt frI seliN n bFiN, n Yl H uHD "brEv wxdz" v QD bMrZwy abQt frIdam in JenDal, hAv a mIniN, if enI, OnlI in kontrAst wiH ristriktid seliN n bFiN, wiH H fetDd trEdDz v H /midal /Egiz, but mAv nO mIniN wen apOzd t H komVnist AbaliSan v bFiN n seliN, P H bMrZwy kandiSanz v pradukSan, n v H bMrZwyzI itself.

V R hPifFd At QD intendiN t dM awE wiH prFvat propDtI. but in jP igzistiN sasFatI, prFvat propDtI iz YlredI dun awE wiH fP nFn-tenTs v H popVlESan; its igzistans fP H fV iz sOllI dM t its non-igzistans in H hAndz v HOz nFn-tenTs. V riprOc us, HXfP, wiH intendiN t dM awE wiH a fPm v propDtI, H nesisXI kandiSan fP hMz igzistans iz H non-igzistans in H hAndz v HOz nFn-tenTs. V riprOc us, HXfP, wiH intendiN t dM awE wiH a fPm v propDtI, H nesasXI kandiSan fP hMz igzistans iz H non-igzistans v enI propDtI fP H imens maJPitI v sasFatI.

in wun wxd, V riprOc us wiH intendiN t dM awE wiH jP propDtI. prisFslI sO; HAt iz Just wut wI intend.

frum H mOmant wen lEbD kAn nO loNgD bI kanvxtid intM kApital, munI, P rent, intM a sOSal pQD kEpabal v bIiN manopalFzd, i.e. frum H mOmant wen indiviJMal propDtI kAn nO loNgD bI trAnzfPmd intM bMrZwy propDtI, intM kApital, frum HAt mOmant, V sE, indiviJMAlitI vAniSaz.

V must, HXfP, kanfes HAt bF "indiviJMal" V mIn nO uHD pxsan HAn H bMrZwy, HAn H midal-klAs OnD v propDtI. His pxsan must, indId, bI swept Qt v H wE, n mEd imposabal.


komVnizam diprFvz nO mAn v H pQD t aprOprIEt H produkts v sasFatI; Yl HAt it duz iz t diprFv him v H pQD t subJagEt H lEbD v uHDz bF mInz v suc aprOprIESanz.

it hAz ben abJektid HAt apon H AbaliSan v prFvit propDtI, Yl wxk wil sIs, n Vnivxsal lEzInis wil OvDtEk us.

akPdiN t His, bMrZwy sasFatI Yt loN agO t hAv gYn t H dogz TrM SC Fdalnis; fP HOz hM akwFD enITiN, dM not wxk. H hOl v His abJekSan iz but anuHD ikspreSan v H tYtolaJI: HX kAn nO loNgD bI enI wEJ lEbD wen HX iz nO loNgD enI kApital.

Yl abJekSanz xJd agenst H komVnistik mOd v pradMsiN n aprOprIEtiN matCWl produkts, hAv, in H sEm wE, ben xJd agenst H komVnistik mOd v pradMsiN n aprOprIEtiN intalekcMal produkts. Just Az t H bMrZwy, H disapCans v klAs propDtI iz H disapCans v pradukSan itself, sO H disapCans v klAs kulcD iz t him Fdentikal wiH H disapCans v Yl kulcD.

HAt kulcD, H los v wic hI laments, iz, fP H inPmas maJPitI, a mC trEniN t Akt Az a maSIn.

but dOnt rANgal wiH us sO loN Az V aplF, t QD intendid AbaliSan v bMrZwy propDtI, H stAndDd v jP bMrZwy nOSanz v frIdam, kulcD, lY, ets. jP vXI FdWz R but H QtgrOT v H kandiSanz v jP bMrZwy pradukSan n bMrZwy propDtI, Just Az jP JxisprMdans iz but H wil v jp klAs mEd intM a lY fP Yl, a wil hMz isenSal kXaktD n dDekSan R ditxmind bF H ekanomikal kandiSanz v igzistans v jP klAs.

H selfiS miskansepSan HAt indMsiz V t trAnzfPm intM Itxnal lYz v nEcD n v rIzan H sOSal fPmz striNiN frum jP prezant mOd v pradukSan n fPm v propDtI -- histPikal rilESanz HAt rFz n disapC in H progres v pradukSan -- His miskansepSan V SX wiH evrI rMliN klAs HAt hAz prisIdid V. wut V sI klClI in H kEs v EnSant propDtI, wut V admit in H kEs v fVdal propDtI, V R v kPs fPbidan t admit in H kEs v jP On bMrZwy fPm v propDtI.

AbaliSan v H fAmlI! Ivan H mOst rAdikal flX up At His infamas prapOzal v H /komVnists.

on wut fQndESan iz H prezant fAmlI, H bMrZwy fAmlI, bEst? on kApital, on prFvit gEn. in its kamplItlI divelapt fPm, His fAmlI igzists OnlI amuN H bMrZwyzI. but His stEt v TiNz fFndz its komplamant in H prAktikal Absans v H fAmlI amuN prOlatXWnz, n in publik prostitMSan.

H bMrZwy fAmlI wil vAniS Az a mAtD v kPs wen its komplamant vAniSaz, n bOT wil vAniS wiH H vAniSiN v kApital.

dM V cRJ us wiH wontiN t stop H eksplqtESan v cildran bF HX pXants? t His krFm wI plId giltI.

but, V sE, wI distrq H mOst hAlOd v rilESanz, wen wI riplEs hOm eJakESan bF sOSal.

n jP eJakESan! iz not HAt YlsO sOSal, n ditxmind bF H sOSal kandiSanz undD wic V eJakEt, bF H intDvenSan dDekt P indDekt, v sasFatI, bF mInz v skMlz, ets.? H /komVnists hAv not intendid H intDvenSan v sasFatI in eJakESan; HE dM but sIk t YltD H kXaktD v HAt intDvenSan, n t reskV eJakESan frum H inflMans v H rMliN klAs.

H bMrZwy klAptrAp abQt H fAmlI n eJakESan, abQt H hAlOd kPalESan v pXants n cFld, bikumz Yl H mP disgustiN, H mP, bF H AkSan v /modDn /indastrI, Yl H fAmlI tFz amuN H prOlatXWnz R tPn asundD, n HX cildran trAnzfPmd intM simpal Rtikalz v komDs n instramants v lEbD.

but V /komVnists wUd intradMs komVnitI v wiman, skrImz H bMrZwyzI in kPas.

H bMrZwy sIz hiz wFf a mC instramant v pradukSan. hI hCz HAt H instramants v pradukSan R t bI iksplqtid in koman, n, nAcDalI, kAn kum t nO uHD kanklMZan HAt H lot v bIiN koman t Yl wil lFkwFz fYl t H wiman.

hI hAz not Ivan a suspiSan HAt H rIl pqnt Emd At iz t dM awE wiH H stAtas v wiman Az mC instramants v pradukSan.

fP H rest, nuTiN iz mP ridikjalas HAn H vxcMas indignESan v QD bMrZwy At H kamVnitI v wiman wic, HE pritend, iz t bI OpanlI n afiSalI istAbliSt bF H /komVnists. H /komVnists hAv nO nId t intradMs frI luv; it hAz igzistid YlmOst frum tFm immamPWl.

QD bMrZwy, not kantent wiH hAviN wFvz n dYtDz v HX prOlatXWnz At HX dispOzal, not t spIk v koman prostitMts, tEk H grEtist pleZD in sadMsiN Ic uHD'z wFvz. (y, HOz wx H dEz!)

bMrZwy mXiJ iz, in rIAlitI, a sistam v wFvz in koman n Hus, At H mOst, wut H /komVnists mFt posablI bI riprOct wiH iz HAt HE dizFD t intradMs, in substitMSan fP a hipakritiklI kansIld, an OpanlI lIgalFzd sistam v frI luv. fP H rest, it iz self-evidant HAt H AbaliSan v H prezand sistam v pradukSan must briN wiH it H AbaliSan v frI luv spriNiN frum HAt sistam, i.e. v prostitMSan bOT publik n prFvit.

H /komVnists R fxHD riprOcd wiH dizFDiN t aboliS kuntrIz n nASanAlitI.

H wxkDz hAv nO kuntrI. wI kAnot tEk frum Hem wut HE hAv not got. sins H prOlatXWt must fxst v Yl akwFD palitikal sapremasI, must rFz t bI H lIdiN klAs v H nESan, must konstitMt itself H nESan, it iz, sO fR, itself nASanal, HO not in H bMrZwy sens v H wxd.

nASanal difransiz n AntAganizam bitwIn pIpalz R dElI mP n mP vAniSiN, OiN t H divelapmant v H bMrZwyzI, t frIdam v komDs, t H wxld mRkit, t VnifPmitI in H mOd v pradukSan n in H kandiSanz v lFf kPaspondiN HXtM.

H sapremasI v H prOlatXWt wil kYz Hem t vAniS stil fAstD. VnFtid AkSan v H lIdiN sivilFzd kuntrIz At lIst iz wun v H fxst kandiSanz fP H imAnsipESan v H prOlatXWt.

in prapPSan Az H eksplqtESan v wun indiviJMal bF anuHD wil YlsO bI pUt an end t, H eksplqtESan v wun nESan bF anuHD wil YlsO bI pUt an end t. in prapPSan Az H AntAganizam bitwIn klAsiz wiHin H nESan vAniSiz, H hostilitI v wun nESan t anuHD wil kum t an end.

H cRJiz agenst komVnizam mEd frum a riliJas, a filasofikal n, JenDalI, frum an FdIaloJikal stAndpqnt, R not dizxviN v sCWs igzAminESan.

duz it rikwFD dIp intMiSan t komprihend HAt mAn'z FdWz, vVz, n kansepSan, in wun wxd, mAn'z konSasnis, cEnJiz wiH evrI cEnJ in hH kandiSanz v hiz matCWl igzistans, in hiz sOSal rilESanz n in hiz sOSal lFf?

wut els duz H histDI v FdWz prMv, HAn HAt intalekcMal pradukSan cEnJiz its kXadtD in prapPSan Az matXWl pradukSan iz cEnJd? H rMliN FdWz v Ic EJ hAv evD ben H FdWz v its rMliN klAs.

wen pIpal spIk v H FdWz HAt revalMSanFz sasFatI, HE dM but ikspres HAt fAkt wiHin H Old sasFatI H elamants v a nM wun hAv ben krIEtid, n HAt H dissalMSan v H Old FdWz kIps Ivan pEs wiH H dissalMSan v H Old kandiSanz v igzistans.

wen H EnSant wxld wuz in its lAst TrOz, H EnSant riliJanz wx OvDkum bF /kriscIAnitI. wen kriscan FdWz sakumd in H EtInT sencDI t rASanalist FdWz, fVdal sasFatI fYt its deT bAtal wiH H Hen revalMSanXI bMrZwyzI. H FdWz v riliJas libDtI n frIdam v konSans mClI gEv ikspreSan t H swE v frI kompatiSan wiHin H dOmEn v noliJ.

"undQtidlI," it wil bI sed, "riliJas, mPal, filasofikal, n, JDidiSal FdWz hAv ben modifFd in H kPs v histPikal divelapmant. but riliJan, mPAlitI, filosafI, palitikal sFans, n lY konstantlI sDvFvd His cEnJ."
"HX R, bisFdz, Itxnal trMTs, suc Az /frIdam, /Justis, ets., HAt R koman t Yl stEts v sasFatI. but komVnizam aboliSiz Itxnal trMTs, it aboliSiz Yl riliJan, n Yl mPAlitI, insted v konstitMtiN Hem on a nM bEsis; it HXfP Akts in kontradikSan t Yl pAst histPikal ikspCWns."

wut duz His AkVzESan ridMs itself t? H histDI v Yl pAst sasFatI hAz kansistid in H divelapmant v klAs AntAganizamz, AntAganizamz HAt asMmd difrant fPmz At difrant epaks.

but wutevD fPm HE mE hAv tEkan, wun fAkt iz koman t Yl pAst EJiz, viz., H eksplqtESan v wun pRt v sasFatI bF H uHD. nO wundD, Hen, HAt H sOSal konSasnis v pAst EJiz, dispFt Yl H multiplisitI n vDFatI it displEz, mMvz wiHin sxtin koman fPmz, P JenDal FdWz, wic kAnot kamplItlI vAniS iksept wiH H tOtal disapCans v klAs AntAganizamz.

H komVnist revalMSan iz H mOst rAdikal rupcD wiH tradiSanal rilESanz; nO wundD HAt its divelapmant involvd H mOst rAdikal rupcD wiH tradiSanal FdWz.

but let us hAv dun wiH H bMrZwy abJekSanz t komVnizam.

wI hAv sIn abuv HAt H fxst step in H revalMSan bF H wxkiN klAs iz t rEz H prOlatXWt t H paziSan v rMliN klAs t win H bAtal v dimokrasI.

H prOlatXWt wil Vz its palitikal sapremasI t rest, bF digrI, Yl kApital frum H bMrZwyzI, t sentralFz Yl instramants v pradukSan in H hAndz v H stEt, i.e., v H prOlatXWt PganFzd Az H rMliN klAs; n t inkrIs H tOtal praduktiv fPsiz Az rApidlI Az posabal.

v kPs, in H biginiN, His kAnot bI ifektid iksept bF mInz v despotik inrOdz on H rFts v propDtI, n on H kandiSanz v bMrZwy pradukSan; bF mInz v meZDz, HXfP, wic apC ekanomiklI insafiSant n untenabal, but wic, in H kPs v H mMvmant, Qtstrip Hemselvz, nasesitEt fxHD inrOdz apon H Old sOSal PdD, n R unavqdabal Az a mInz v intFDlI revalMSanFziN H mOd v pradukSan.

HIz meZDz wil, v kPs, bI difrant in difrant kuntrIz.

nevDHales, in mOst advAnst kuntrIz, H folOiN wil bI pritI JenDalI Aplikabal.

1. AbaliSan v propDtI in lAnd n AplikESan v Yl rents v lAnd t publik pxpasiz.

2. a hevI pragresiv P grAJMEtid inkum tAks.

3. AbaliSan v Yl rFts v inhXitans.

4. konfiskESan v H propDtI v Yl emigrants n rebalz.

5. sentralizESan v kredit in H bANks v H stEt, bF mInz v a nASanal bANk wiH stEt kApital n an iksklMsiv manopalI.

6. sentralizESan v H mInz v kamVnikESan n trAnzpPt in H hAndz v H stEt.

7. ikstenSan v fAktDIz n instramants v pradukSan Ond bF H stEt; H briNiN intM kultivESan v wEst lAndz, n H imprMvmant v H sql JenDalI in akPdans wiH a koman plAn.

8. Ikwal obligESan v Yl t wxk. istAbliSmant v industrWl RmIz, ispeSalI fP AgrikulcD.

9. kombinESan v AgrikulcD wiH mAnVfAkcDiN indastrIz; grAJMal AbaliSan v Yl H distiNkSan bitwIn tQn n kuntrI bF a mP ekwabal distribVSan v H popVlis OvD kuntrI.

10. frI eJakESan fP Yl cildran in publik skMlz. AbaliSan v cildran'z fAktDI lEbD in its prezant fPm. kombinESan v eJakESan wiH industrWl pradukSan, ets.

wen, in H kPs v divelapmant, klAs distiNkSanz hAv disapCd, n Yl pradukSan hAz ben konsantrEtid in H hAndz v a vAst asOsIESan v H hOl nESan, H publik pQD wil lMz its palitikal kXaktD. palitikal pQD, propDlI sO kYld, iz mClI H PganFzd pQD v wun klAs fP apresiN anuHD. if H prOlatXWt dxiN its kontest wiH H bMrZwyzI iz kampeld, bF H fPs v sxkamstAnsiz, t PganFz itself Az a klAs; if, bF mInz v a revalMSan, it mEks itself H rMliN klAs, n, Az suc, swIps awE bF fPs H Old kandiSanz v pradukSan, Hen it wil, aloN wiH HIz kandiSanz, hAv swept awE H kandiSanz fP H igzistans v klAs AntAganizamz n v klAsiz JenDalI, n wil HXbF hAv aboliSt its On sapremasI Az a klAs.

in plEs v H Old bMrZwy sasFatI, wiH its klAsiz n klAs AntAganizamz, wI SAl hAv an asOsIESan in wic H frI divelapmant v Ic iz H kandiSan fP H frI divelapmant v Yl.

3 -- sOSalist n komVnist litDacD

1. rIAkSanXI sOSalizam
p. fVdal sOSalizam

OiN t HX histPikal paziSan, it bikEm H vOkESan v H XistokrasIz v /frAns n /iNgland t rFt pAmflits agens modDn bMrZwy sasFatI. in H /frenc /revalMSan v JalF 1830, n in H /iNgliS rifPm AJitESan, HIz XistokrasIz agen sakumd t H hEtfUl upstRt. HensfPT, a sCWs palitikal strugal wuz YltMgeHD Qt v H kwescan. a litDXI bAtal alOn rimEnd posabal. but Ivan in H dOmEn v litDacD, H Old krFz v restDESan pCWd hAd bikum imposabal.

in PdD t DQz simpaTI, H XistokrasI wuz ablFJd t lMz sFt, apXantlI, v its On intrests, n t fPmVlEt its indFtmant agenst H bMrZwyzI in H intrest v H iksplqtid wxkiN klAs alOn. Huz, H XistokrasI tUk HX rivenJ bF siNiN lAmpMnz on HX nM mAstDz n wispDiN in hiz Cz sinistD profasIz v kumiN katAstrafI.

in His wE DOz fVdal sOSalizam: hAf lAmantESan, hAf lAmpMn; hAf an ekO v H pAst, hAf menis v H fVcD; At tFmz, bF its bitD, witI n insFsiv kritisizam, strFkiN H bMrZwyzI t H vXI hRt's kP, but YlwEz lMdikras in its ifekt, TrM tOtal inkapAsitI t komprihend H mRc v modDn histDI.

H XistokrasI, in PdD t rAlI H pIpal t Hem, wEvd H prOlatXWn ymz-bAg in frunt fP a bAnD. but H pIpal, sO ofan Az it Jqnd Hem, sY on HX hFndkwPtDz H Old fVdal kOts v Rmz, n dizxtid wiH lQd n CrevDant lAftD.

wun sekSan v H frenc /laJitamists n "juN /iNgland" igzibitid His spektakal:

in pqntiN Qt HAt HX mOd v eksplqtESan wuz difrant t HAt v H bMrZwyzI, H fVdalists fPget HAt HE iksplqtid undD sxkamstAnsiz n kandiSanz HAt wx kwFt difrant n HAt R nQ AntikwEtid. in SOiN HAt, undD HX rMl, H modDn prOlatXWt nevD igzistid, HE fPget HAt H modDn bMrZwyzI iz H nesasXI ofspriN v HX On fPm v sasFatI.

fP H rest, sO lital dM HE kansIl H rIAkSanXI kXaktD v HX kritisizam HAt HX cIf AkVzESan agenst H bMrZwyzI amQnts t His: HAt undD H bMrZwy raZIm a klAs iz bIiN divelapt wic iz destind t kut up, rMt n brAnc, H Old PdD v sasFatI.

wut HE upbrEd H bMrZwyzI wiH iz not sO muc HAt it krIEts a prOlatXWt Az HAt it krIEts a _revalMSanXI_ prOlatXWt.
 
in palitikal prAktis, HXfP, HE Jqn in Yl kDektiv meZDz agenst H wxkiN klAs; n in PdinXI lFf, dispFt HX hF falMtin' frEziz, HE stMp t pik up H gOldan Apalz dropt frum H trI v indastrI, n t bRtD trMT, luv, n onD, fP trAfik in wUl, bItrMt-SUgD, n patEtO spCits.

Az H pRsan hAz evD gYn hAnd in hAnd wiH H lAndlPd, sO hAz klXikal sOSalizam wiH fVdal sOSalizam.

nuTiN iz IzID HAn t giv kriscan asetisizam a sOSalist tinJ. hAz not kriscIAnitI diklEmd agenst prFvit propDtI, agens mXiJ, agenst H stEt? hAz it not prIct in H plEs v HIz, cXitI n povDtI, selibasI n mPtifikESan v H fleS, manAstik lFf n /muHD /cxc? kriscan sOSalizam iz but H hOlI wotD wiH wic H prIst konsakrEts H hRt-bxniNz v H DistakrAt.

t. petI-bMrZwy sOSalizam

H fVdal XistokrasI wuz not H OnlI klAs HAt wuz rMind bF H bMrZwyzI, not H OnlI klAs hMz kandiSanz v igzistans pFnd n pXiSt in H AtmasfC v modDn bMrZwy sasFatI. H midIIval bxJisiz n H smYl pezant praprFatDz wx H prIkxsDz v H modDn bMrZwyzI. in HOz kuntrIz wic R but lital divelapt, industrWlI n kamxSalI, HIz tM klAsiz stil veJatEt sFd bF sFd wiH H rFziN bMrZwyzI.

in kuntrIz wX modDn sivilizESan hAz bikum fUlI divelapt, a nM klAs v petI bMrZwyzI hAz ben fPmd, flukcMEtiN bitwIn prOlatXWt n bMrZwyzI, n evD rinMiN itself a suplamentXI pRt v bMrZwy sasFatI. H indiviJMal membDz v His klAs, hQevD, Az bIiN konstantlI hxld dQn intM H prOlatXWt bF H AkSan v kompatiSan, n, Az /modDn /indastrI divelaps, HE Ivan sI H mOmant aprOciN wen HE wil kamplItlI disapC Az an indapendant sekSan v modRn sasFatI, t b riplEst in mAnVfAkcDz, AgrikulcD n komDs, bF OvDlUkDz, bElifs n Sopmen.

in kuntrIz lFk /frAns, wX H pezants konstitMt fR mP HAn hAf v H popVlESan, it wuz nAcDal HAt rFtDz hM sFdid wiH H prOlatXWt agenst H bMrZwyzI SUd Vz, in HX kritisizam v H bMrZwy raZIm, H stAndDd v H pezant n petI bMrZwy, n frum H stAndpqnt v HIZ intDmIdWt klAsiz, SUd tEk up H kuJalz fP H wxkiN klAs. Huz DOz petI-bMrZwy sOSalizam. /sismondI wuz H hed v His skMl, not OnlI in /frAns but YlsO in /iNgland.

His skMl v sOSalizam dFsektid wiH grEt akVtnis H kontradikSanz in H kandiSanz v modDn pradukSan. it lEd bX H hipakritikal apolaJIz v ikonamists. it prMvd, inkontravxtablI, H dizAstras ifekts v maSInDI n diviZan v lEbD; H konsantrESan v kApital n lAnd in a fV hAndz; OvDpradukSan n krFsIz; it pqntid Qt H inevitabal rMin v H petI bMrZwy n pezant, H mizDI v H prOlatXWt, H AnRkI in pradukSan, H krFiN inIkwolitIz in H distribVSan v welT, H industrWl wP v ikstxminESan bitwIn nESanz, H dissalMSan v Old mPal bondz, v H Old fAmlI rilESanz, v H Old nASanAlitIz.

in its pozitiv Emz, hQevD, His fPm v sOSalizam aspFDz IHD t ristPiN H Old mInz v pradukSan n v ikscEnJ, n wiH Hem H Old propDtI rilESanz, n H Old sasFatI, P t krAmpiN H modDn mInz v pradukSan n v ikscEnJ wiHin H frEmwxk v H Old propDtI rilESanz HAt hAv ben, n wx bQnd t bI, iksplOdid bF HOz mInz. in IHD kEs, it iz bOT rIAkSanXI n VtOpWn.

its lAst wxdz R: kPprit gildz fP mAnVfAkcD; pEtrIRkal rilESanz in AgrikulcD.

ultimitlI, wen stubDn histPikal fAkts hAd dispxst Yl intoksikEtiN ifekts v self-disepSan, His fPm v sOSalizam endid in a mizDabal hANOvD.

k. Jxman P "trM" sOSalizam

H sOSalist n komVnist litDacD v /frAns, a litDacD HAt DiJinEtid undD H preSD v a bMrZwyzI in pQD, n HAt wuz H ikspreSanz v H strugal agenst His pQD, wuz intradMst intM /JxmanI At a tFm wen H bMrZwyzI in HAt kuntrI hAd Just bigun its kontest wiH fVdal AbsalMtizam.

Jxman filosafDz, wUd-bI filosafDz, n "bO zesprI" (men v letDz), IgDlI sIzd on His litDacD, OnlI fPgetiN HAt wen HIz rFtiNz imigrEtid frum /frAns intM /JxmanI, /frenc sOSal kandiSanz hAd not imigrEtid aloN wiH Hem. in kontAkt wiH Jxman sOSal kandiSanz, His frenc litDacD lost Yl its imIdWt prAktikal signifikans n asMmd a pjxlI litDXI Aspekt. Hus, t H Jxman filosafDz v H EtInT sencDI, H dimAndz v H fxst /frenc /revalMSan wx nuTiN mP HAn H dimAndz v "prAktikal rIzan" in JenDal, n H utDans v H wil v H revalMSanXI frenc bMrZwyzI signifFd, in HX Fz, H lYz v pjx wil, v wil Az it wuz bQnd t bI, v trM hVman wil JenDalI.

H wxk v H Jxman litDytI kansistid sOllI in briNiN H nM frenc FdWz intM hRmanI wiH HX EnSant filasofikal konSans, P rAHD, in AneksiN H frenc FdWz wiHQt dizxtiN HX On filasofik pqnt v vV.

His AneksESan tUk plEs in H sEm wE in wic a fPan lANgwiJ iz aprOprIEtid, nEmlI, bF trAnzlESan.

it iz wel nOn hQ H muNks rOt silI lFvz v kATlik sEnts _OvD_ H mAnVskripts on wic H klAsikal wxks v EnSant hIHandam hAd ben ritan. H Jxman litDytI rivxst His proses wiH H prOfEn frenc litDacD. HE rOt HX filasofikal nonsens binIT H frenc DiJinal. fP instans, binIT H frenc kritisizam v H ekanomik fuNkSanz v munI, HE rOt "ElWnESan v hVmAnitI", n binIT H frenc kritisizam v H bMrZwy stEt H rOt "dITrOnmant v H kAtagPI v H JenDal", n sO fPT.

H intradukSan v HIz filasofikal frEziz At H bAk v H frenc histPikal kritisizamz, HE dubd "filosafI v AkSan", "trM sOSalizam", "Jxman sFans v sOSalizam", "filasofikal fQndESan v sOSalizam", n sO on.

H frenc sOSalist n komVnist litDacD wuz Hus kamplItlI imAskVlEtid. n, sins it sIst, in H hAndz v H Jxman, t ikspres H strugal v wun klAs wiH H uHD, hI felt konSas v hAviN OvDkum "frenc wun-sFdidnis" n v reprizentiN, not trM rikwFDmants, but H rikwFDmants v trMT; not H intrests v H prOlatXWt, but H intrests v hVman nEcD, v mAn in JenDal, hM biloNz t nO klAs, hAz nO rIAlitI, hM igzists OnlI in H mistI relm v filasofikal fAntasI.

His Jxman sOSalizam, wic tUk its skMlbq tAsk sO sCWslI n solamlI, n ikstOld its pMr stok-in-trEd in suc a mQntabANk fASan, mInwFl grAJMalI lost its pidAntik inasans.

H fFt v H Jxmanz, n ispeSalI v H pruSan bMrZwyzI, agenst fVdal XistokrasI n AbsalMt monRkI, in uHD wxdz, H libral mMvmant, bikEm mP xnist.

bF His, H loN-wiSt fP opDtMnitI wuz ofDd t "trM" sOSalizam v kanfruntiN H palitikal mMvmant wiH H sOSalistik dimAndz, v hxliN H tradiSanal anATamaz agenst libralizam, agenst reprizentativ guvDnmant, agenst bMrZwy kompatiSan, bMrZwy frIdam v H pres, bMrZwy leJislESan, bMrZwy libDtI n ikwolitI, n v prIciN t H mAsiz HAt HE hAd nuTiN t gEn, n evrITiN t lMz, bF His bMrZwy mMvmant. Jxman sOSalizam fPgot, in H nik v tFm, HAT H frenc kritisizam, hMz silI ekO it wuz, prIsapOzd H igzistans v modDn bMrZwy sasFatI, wiH its kPaspondiN ekanomik kandiSanz v igzistans, n H palitikal konstitMSan adAptid HXtM, H vXI TiNz HOz atEnmant wuz H obJekt v H pendiN strugal in /JxmanI.

t H AbsalMt guvDnmants, wiH HX folOiN v pRsanz, prafesDz, kuntrI skwFDz, n afiSalz, it sxvd Az a welkam skXkrO agenst H TretaniN bMrZwyzI.

it wuz a swIt finiS, AftD H bitD pilz v flogiN n bUlits, wiH wic HIz sEm guvDnmants, Just At HAt tFm, dOst H Jxman wxkiN-klAs rFziNz.

wFl His "trM" sOSalizam Hus sxvd H guvDnmant Az a wepan fP fFtiN H Jxman bMrZwyzI, it, At H sEm tFm, dDektlI reprizentid a rIAkSanXI intDast, H intrest v Jxman filistInz. in /JxmanI, H petI-bMrZwy klAs, a relik v H sikstInT sencDI, n sins Hen konstantlI kropiN up agen undD H vXWs fPmz, iz H rIl sOSal bEsis v H igzistiN stEt v TiNz.

t prizxv His klAs iz t prizxv H igzistiN stEt v TiNz in /JxmanI. H industrWl n palitikal sapremasI v H bMrZwyzI Tretanz it wiH sxtin distrukSan -- on H wun hAnd, frum H konsantrESan v kApital; on H uHD, frum H rFz v a revalMSanXI prOlatXWt. "trM" sOSalizam apCd t kil HIz tM bxdz wiH wun stOn. it spred lFk an epidemik.

H rOb v spekjalativ kobwebz, imbrqdDd wiH flQDz v retDik, stIpt in H dM v siklI sentimant, His trAnsandental rOb in wic H /Jxman /sOSalists rApt HX sRI "Itxnal trMTs", Yl skin n bOn, sxvd t wundDfUlI inkrIs H sEl v HX gUdz amuNst suc a publik. n on its pRt Jxman sOSalizam rekagnFzd, mP n mP, its On kYliN Az H bombAstik reprizentativ v H petI-bMrZwy filistIn.

it prOklEmd H Jxman nESan t bI H modal nESan, n H Jxman petI filistIn t bI H tipikal mAn. t evrI vilanas mInnis v His modal mAn, it gEv a hidan, hFD, sOSalistik intxpratESan, H igzAkt kontrXI v its rIl kXaktD. it went t H ikstrIm leNT v dDektlI apOziN H "brMtalI distruktiv" tendansI v komVnizam, n v prOklEmiN its saprIm n impRSal kantempt v Yl klAs strugalz. wiH vXI fV iksepSanz, Yl H sO-kYld sOSalist n komVnist publikESanz HAt nQ (1847) sxkjalEt in JxmanI biloN t H dOmEn v His fQl n enDvEtiN litDacD.

2. kansxvativ P bMrZwy sOSalizam

a pRt v H bMrZwyzI iz dizFras v rIdresiN sOSal grIvansiz in PdD t sikjx H kantinVd igzistans v bMrZwy sasFatI.

t His sekSan biloN ikonamists, filAnTrapists, hVmAnitXWnz, imprMvDz v H kandiSan v H wxkiN klAs, PganFzDz v cXitI, membDz v sasFatIz fP H privenSan v krMltI t Animalz, temprans fanAtiks, hOl-n-kPnD rifPmDz v evrI imAJinabal kFnd. His fPm v sOSalizam hAz, mPOvD, ben wxkt Qt intM kamplIt sistamz.

wI mE sFt /prQdhan'z /filosafI v /povDtI Az an igzAmpal v His fPm.

H sOSalistik bMrZwy wont Yl H advAntiJiz v modDn sOSal kandiSanz wiHQt H strugalz n dEnJDz nesasXalI rizultiN HXfrum. HE dizFD H igzistiN stEt v sasFatI, mFnas its revalMSanXI n disintigrEtiN elamants. HE wiS fP a bMrZwyzI wiHQt a prOlatXWt. H bMrZwyzI nAcDalI kansIvz H wxld in wic it iz saprIm t bI H best; n bMrZwy sOSalizam divelaps His kumfDtabal kansepSan intM vXWs mP P les kamplIt sistamz. in rikwFDiN H prOlatXWt t kXI Qt suc a sistam, n HXbF t mRc strEtwE intM H sOSal /nM /JDMsalam, it but rikwFDz in rIAlitI HAt H prOlatXWt SUd rimEn wiHin H bQndz v igzistiN sasFatI, but SUd kAst awE Yl its hEtfUl FdWz kansxniN H bMrZwyzI.

a sekand, n mP prAktikal, but les sistamAtik, fPm v His sOSalizam sYt t diprISIEt evrI revalMSanXI mMvmant in H Fz v H wxkiN klAs bF SOiN HAt nO mC palitikal rifPm, but OnlI a cEnJ in H matCWl kandiSanz v igzistans, in ekanomikal rilESanz, kUd bI v enI advAntiJ t Hem. bF cEnJiz in H matCWl kandiSanz v igzistans, His fPm v sOSalizam, hQevD, bF nO mInz undDstAndz AbaliSan v H bMrZwy rilESanz v pradukSan, n AbaliSan HAt kAn bI afektid OnlI bF a revalMSan, but administrEtiv rifPmz, bEst on H kantinVd igzistans v HIz rilESanz; rifPmz, HXfP, HAt in nO rispekt afekt H rilESanz bitwIn kApital n lEbD, but, At H best, lesan H kost, n simplifF H administrEtiv wxk v bMrZwy guvDnmant.

bMrZwy sOSalizam atEnz Adakwit ikspreSan wen, n OnlI wen, it bikumz a mC figjx v spIc.

frI trEd: fP H benafit v H wxkiN klAs. pratektic dMtIz: fP H benafit v H wxkiN klAs. prizan rifPm: fP H benafit v H wxkiN klAs. His iz H lAst wxd n H OnlI sCWslI ment wxd v bMrZwy sOSalizam.

it iz sumd up in H frEz: H bMrZwy iz a bMrZwy -- fP H benafit v H wxkiN klAs.

3. kritikal-VtOpWn sOSalizam n komVnizam

wI dM not hC rifx t HAt litDacD wic, in evrI grEt modDn revalMSan, hAz YlwEz givan vqs t H dimAndz v H prOlatXWt, suc Az H rFtiNz v /babxf n uHDz.

H fxst dDekt atempts v H prOlatXWt t atEn its On endz, mEd in tFmz v Vnivxsal iksFtmant, wen fVdal sasFatI wuz bIiN OvDTrOn, nesasXalI fEld, OiN t H Hen undivelapt stEt v H prOlatXWt, Az wel Az t H Absans v H ekanomik kandiSanz fP its imAnsipESan, kandiSanz HAt hAd jet t bI pradMst, n kUd bI pradMst bF H impendiN bMrZwy epak alOn. H revalMSanXI litDacD HAt akumpanId HIz fxst mMvmants v H prOlatXWt hAd nesasXalI a rIAkSanXI kXaktD. it inkalkEtid Vnivxsal asetisizam n sOSal levaliN in its krMdist fPm.

H sOSalist n komVnist sistamz, propDlI sO kYld, HOz v /sent-sImYn /fMrIE, /Oan, n uHDz, spriN intM igzistans in H xlI undavelapt pCWd, diskrFbd abuv, v H strugal bitwIn prOlatXWt n bMrZwyzI (sI sekSan 1. bMrZwy n prOlatXWnz).

H fQndDz v HIz sistamz sI, indId, H klAs AntAganizamz, Az wel Az H AkSan v H dIkampOziN elamants in H prIvEliN fPm v sasFatI. but H prOlatXWt, Az jet in its infansI, ofDz t Hem H spektakal v a klAs wiHQt enI histPikal iniSativ P enI indipendant palitikal mMvmant.

sins H divelapmant v klAs AntAganizam kIps Ivan pEs wiH H divelapmant v indastrI, H ekanomik sicMESan, Az HE fFnd it, duz not Az jet ofD t Hem H matCWl kandiSanz fP H imAnsipESan v H prOlatXWt. HE HXfP sxc AftD a nM sOSal sFans, AftD nM sOSal lYz, HAt R t krIEt HIz kandiSanz.

histPikal AkSan iz t jIld t HX pxsanal inventiv AkSan; histPiklI krIEtid kandiSanz v imAnsipESan t fAntAstik wunz; n H grAJMal, spontEnWs klAs PganizESan v H prOlatXWt t an PganizESan v sasFatI ispeSalI kantrFvd bF HIz inventDz. fVcD histDI rizolvz itself, in HX Fz, intM H propagAnda n H prAktikal kXIiN Qt v HX sOSal plAnz.

in H fPmESan v HX plAns, HE R konSas v kXiN cIflI fP H intrests v H wxkiN klAs, Az bIiN H mOst sufDiN klAs. OnlI frum H pqnt v vV v bIiN H mOst sufDiN klAs duz H prOlatXWt igzist fP Hem.

H undivelapt stEt v H klAs strugal, Az wel Az HX On sDQndiNz, kYziz /sOSalists v His kFnd t kansidD Hemselvz fR sMpCID t Yl klAs AntAganizamz. HE wont t imprMv H kandiSan v evrI membD v sasFatI, Ivan HAt v H mOst fEvDd. hens, HE habicMalI apIl t sasFatI At lRJ, wiHQt H distiNkSan v klAs; nE, bF prefrans, t H rMliN klAs. fP hQ kAn pIpal wen wuns HE undDstAnd HX sistam, fEl t sI in it H best posabal plAn v H best posabal stEt v sasFatI?

hens, HE riJekt Yl palitikal, n ispeSalI Yl revalMSanXI AkSan; HE wiS t atEn HX endz bF pIsfUl mInz, nesasXalI dMmd t fEljD, n bF H fPs v igzAmpal, t pEv H wE fP H nM sOSal gospal.

suc fAntAstik pikcDz v fVcD sasFatI, pEntid At a tFm wen H prOlatXWt iz stil in a vXI undavelapt stEt n hAz but a fAntAstik kansepSan v its On paziSan, kPaspond wiH H fxst instiNktiv jxniNz v HAt klAs fP a JenDal rIkanstrukSan v sasFatI.

but H sOSalist n komVnist publikESanz kantEn YlsO a kritikal elamant. HE atAk evrI prinsapal v igzistiN sasFatI. hens, HE R fUl v H mOst vAlVabal matCWlz fP H inlFtenmant v H wxkiN klAs. H prAktikal meZDz prapOzd in Hem -- suc Az H AbaliSan v H distiNkSan bitwIn tQn n kuntrI, v H fAmlI, v H kXIiN on v indastrIz fP H akQnt v prFvit indiviJMalz, n v H wEJ sistam, H proklamESan v sOSal hRmanI, H kanvxZan v H fuNkSan v H stEt intM a mP sMpDintendans v pradukSan -- Yl HIz prapOzalz pqnt sOllI t H disapCans v klAs AntAganizamz wic wx, At HAt tFm, OnlI Just kropiN up, n wic, in HIz publikESanz, R rekagnFzd in HX xlIist indistiNkt n undifFnd fPmz OnlI. HIz prapOzalz, HXfP, R v a pjxlI VtOpWn kXaktD.

H signifikans v kritikal-VtOpWn sOSalizam n komVnizam bXz n invDs rilESan t histPikal divelapmant. in prapPSan Az H modDn klAs strugal divelaps n tEks deginit SEp, His fAntAstik stAndiN apRt frum H kontest, HIz fAntAstik atAks on it, lMz Yl prAktikal vAlV n Yl TIDetikal JustifikESanz. HXfP, YlHO H DiJinEtDz v HIz sistamz wx, in menI rispekts, revalMSanXI, HX disFpalz hAv, in evrI kEs, fPmd mC rIAkSanXI sekts. HE hOld fAst bF H DiJinal vVz v HX mAstDz, in opaziSan t H pragresiv histPikal divelapmant v H prOlatXWt. HE, HXfP, indevD, n HAt kansistantlI, t dedan H klAs strugal n t rekansFl H klAs AntAganizamz. HE stil drIm v ikspCimental rWlizESan v HX sOSal VtOpWz, v fQndiN FsalEtid fAlanstCz, v istAbliSiN "/hOm /kolanIz", P setiN up a "/lital /FkXW" -- pokit idiSanz v H /nM /JDMsalam -- n t rWlFz Yl HIz kAsalz in H X, HE R kampeld t apIl t H fIliNz n pxsiz v H bMrZwy. bF digrIz, HE siNk intM H kAtagPI v H rIAkSanXI kansxvativ sOSalists dipiktid abuv, difDiN frum HIz OnlI bF mP sistemAtik pidAntrI, n bF HX fanAtikal n sMpDstiSas bilIf in H mDAkjalas ifekts v HX sOSal sFans.

He, HXfP, vFalantlI apOz Yl palitikal AkSan on H pRt v H wxkiN klAs; suc AkSan akPdiN t Hem, kAn OnlI rizult frum blFnd unbilIf in H nM gospal.

H /OanFts in /iNgland, n H /fMrIEists in /frAns, rispektivlI, apOz H /cRtists n H /refPmIsts.

4 -- paziSan v H komVnists in rilESan t H vXWs igzistiN  opaziSan pRtIz

sekSan 2 hAz mEd klC H rilESan v H komVnists t H igzistiN wxkiN-klAs pRtIz, suc Az H /cRtists in /iNgland n H /agrXWn /rifPmDz in /amXika.

H /komVnists fFt fP H atEnmant v H imIdWt Emz, fP H infPsmant v H mOmantXI intrests v H wxkiN klAs; but in H mMvmant v H prezant, HE YlsO reprizent n tEk kX v H fVcD v HAt mMvmant. in /frAns, H /komVnists alF wiH H /sOSal /demakrAts agenst H kansxvativ n rAdikal bMrZwyzI, rizxviN, hQevD, H rFt t tEk up a kritikal paziSan in rigRd t fEziz n ilMZanz tradiSanalI hAndid dQn frum H /grEt /revalMSan.

in /switsDland, HE sapPt H /rAdikalz, wiHQt lMziN sFt v H fAkt HAt His pRtI kansists v AntAganistik elamants, pRtlI v /demakrAtik /sOSalists, in H frenc sens, pRtlI v rAdikal bMrZwy.

in /pOland, HE sapPt H pRtI HAt insists on an agrXWn revalMSan Az H prFm kamdiSan fP nASanal imAnsipESan, HAt pRtI wic fOmentid H insDekSan v /krakQ in 1846.

in /JxmanI, HE fFt wiH H bMrZwyzI wenevD it Akts in a revalMSanXI wE, agenst H AbsalMt monRkI, H fVdal skwFDRkI, n H petI-bMrZwyzI.

but HE nevD sIs, fP a siNgal instant, t instil intM H wxkiN klAs H klCist posabal rekagniSan v H hostal AntAganizam bitwIn bMrZwyzI n prOlatXWt, in PdD HAt H Jxman wxkDz mE strEtwE Vz, Az sO menI wepanz agenst H bMrZwyzI, H sOSal n palitikal kandiSanz HAt H bMrZwyzI must nesasXalI intradMs aloN wiH its sapremasI, n in PdD HAt, AftD H fYl v H rIAkSanXI klAsiz in /JxmanI, H fFt agenst H bMrZwyzI itself mE imIdWtlI bigin.

H /komVnists txn HX atenSan cIflI t /JxmanI, bikuz HAt kuntrI iz on H F v a bMrZwy revalMSan HAt iz bQnd t bI kXId Qt undD mP advAnst kandiSanz v jxapWn sivilizESan n wiH a muc mP divelapt prOlatXWt HAn HAt v /iNgland wuz in H sevantInT, n /frAns in H EtInT sencDI, n bikuz H bMrZwy revalMSan in /JxmanI wil bI but H prelVd t an imIdWtlI folOiN prOlatXWn revalMSan.

in SPt, H /komVnists evrIwX sapPt evrI revalMSanXI mMvmant agenst H igzistiN sOSal n palitikal PdD v TiNz.

in Yl HIz mMvmants, HE briN t H frunt, Az H lIdiN kwescan in Ic, H propDtI kwescan, nO mAtD wut its digrI v divelapmant At H tFm.

fFnalI, HE lEbD evrIwX fP H Vnjan n agrImant v H demakrAtik pRtIz v Yl kuntrIz.

H /komVnists disdEn t kansIl HX vVz n Emz. HE OpanlI diklX HAt HX endz kAn bI atEnd OnlI bF H fPsabal OvDTrO v Yl igzistiN sOSal kandiSanz. let H rMliN klAsiz trembal At a komVnist revalMSan. H prOlatXWnz hAv nuTiN t lMz but HX cEnz. HE hAv a wxld t win.

prOlatXWnz v Yl kuntrIz, VnFt!